Trivia 2

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Trivia 2

Motion primarily affect ______. Scatter primarily affects ________.

2 points

Contrast, resolution

Resolution, contrast

sharpness, blurr

Blur, dose

Clear selection

Beam hardening occurs in

2 points

Mono-energetic beams only

Poly-energetic beams only

Both

Clear selection

The DICOM gray scale standard display function offers

2 points

Smallest file size

Best post-processing access

Identical display across different monitors

DICOM to DICOM recursive partitioning

Clear selection

Intensifying screens

2 points

Decrease patient dose

Increase dose

Increase scan time

Increase VGA display brightness

Clear selection

Light output color from a screen and the light sensitivity of the film must be

2 points

Subtracted

Matched

Aligned

Synchronized

Clear selection

Motion blur is independent of image magnification given no change in exposure time

2 points

True

False

Clear selection

Visibility of tubes and lines is improved with

2 points

Histogram equalization

Unsharp masking

Gray-scale compression

Iterative alteration

Clear selection

A wide line spread function implies poor

2 points

Contrast

Artifact processing

Source to image alignment

Resolution

Clear selection

KAP can be used to compare doses from _______ imaging systems for ______ types of examinations

2 points

Different, similar

Similar, different

Similar, similar

Different, different

Clear selection

Fractionated exposure in general will

2 points

Protect malignant cells

Protect normal tissues

Decrease overall dose

Increase overall dose

Clear selection

Which cells are the easiest to kill with radiation?

2 points

Bacteria

Fungi

Parasites

Humans

Clear selection

Antibiotics can possibly _________ LD50

2 points

Decrease

Augment

Increase

Clear selection

In males, fractionated exposure to gonads produce ________ damage when compared to acute exposure

2 points

Less

Same

Clear selection

Operator dose and patient dose are generally

2 points

Inversely proportional

Logarithmic

Directly proportional

Quadratic

Clear selection

Lead aprons should be tested by Fluoroscopy for cracks

2 points

Semi-annually

Monthly

Quarterly

Annually

Clear selection

Low exposure index means sub-optimal image quality. High exposure index means patient is unnecessarily overexposed

2 points

True

False

True only with selenium-based receptor elements

Clear selection

In CT, if the patient is off center the dose will

2 points

Decrease

Increase

Not change

Clear selection

In contact mammography, grids are used

2 points

Always

Sometimes

Never

Clear selection

In mammography, _______ are faster and more reliable, while ________ offer relatively better resolution

2 points

Se photoconductors, Phosphorylation amalgam

Csl scintillators, Se photo-conductors

Silver nitrate receptors, Csl scintillators

Clear selection

Choose the correct statement regarding digital mammography

2 points

Non-linear adjustments result in images similar to screen-film

Linear adjustments adjustments enhance the visualization of subcutaneous tissues and skin

Always performed using automatic exposure control

Monitors must be calibrated to have medium to low luminescence

Clear selection

Choose the INCORRECT statement regarding IRP K-air

2 points

Measured in air

Specified by vendor

Measured excluding back-scatter

Measured in soft tissue

Clear selection

Detector offsets in CT

2 points

Improve data sampling and spatial resolution

Improve spatial resolution only

Worsen spatial resolution

Worsen data acquisition capacity in the slice of interest

Clear selection

In dual source CT

2 points

Table speed is slow in comparison to single source CT

Image quality in the center is superior to periphery

Patient heart rate significantly impacts image quality

Can not be used in infants

Clear selection

Dual energy CT applications are all EXCEPT

2 points

Bone subtraction in CTAs

Pulmonary perfusion assessment

CSF flow maps

Renal stone characterization

Clear selection

Best achievable temporal resolution on a single source CT is ______ the x-ray tube rotation time

2 points

0.25

0.5

0.63

0.75

Clear selection

Best achievable temporal resolution on a dual source CT is ______ the x-ray tube rotation time

2 points

0.25

0.5

0.63

0.75

Clear selection

CT zoom reconstruction improves resolution in the

2 points

Peripheral image mainly

Central image mainly

Both central and peripheral regions are improved equally

Clear selection

Multiple ring artifacts in CT are due to

2 points

Faulty detector

Tube loading exceeds the allowed limit

Scanner calibration problem

All choices are correct

Clear selection

Cone beam artifacts in CT

2 points

Due to over-coverage of anatomy

Poor sampling opposite to cone beam direction

Occur with large detectors

All choices are correct

Clear selection

Which radiation source poses a higher risk if ingested?

2 points

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

Clear selection

Regarding secular and transient equilibrium

2 points

Secular needs longer time than transient

Transient needs longer time than secular

Both occur after 4 half lives

Clear selection

Regarding edge packing artifact

2 points

Causes decreased brightness at the edge of crystal

Happens due to internal reflection of light in presence of PMTs

Crystals are made larger than FOV will reduce this artifact

Clear selection

Fan beam collimators in SPECT

2 points

Have a wide FOV

Can not be used for brain SPET

Improve resolution in the x-direction

Clear selection

The use of elliptical orbits in scintillation camera

2 points

Allows bigger patients in the scanner

Reduces back-scatter

Accelerates image acquisition with each ellipse

Allows distance to patient to be minimized

Clear selection

Choose the correct statement

2 points

SPECT has better contrast in comparison to planar imaging

SPECT has better resolution in comparison to planar imaging

SPECT has better resolution and contrast in comparison to planar imaging

SPECT has worse resolution and contrast in comparison to planar imaging

Clear selection

Volatile radionuclides include all EXCEPT

2 points

Xe-133

In-111

I-131

Clear selection

Tissues and plastic are

2 points

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

Ferromagnetic

Clear selection

Free induction decay signal is recorded from

2 points

Longitudinal magnetization only

Transverse magnetization only

Both

Clear selection

In MRI, the slew rate is

2 points

Rate of echo sampling

Speed of organic tissue magnetic acceleration

Time to achieve required magnetic field amplitude

Rate of hydrogen molecules depolarization in soft tissues

Clear selection

Linear volume coils receive signal from one axis. Quadrature volume coils receive signal from both x and y axes, therefore higher overall SNR

2 points

True

False

Depends on FOV

Clear selection

MRI RF shielding

2 points

Prevents outside RF signals from causing noise

Prevents powerful RF pulse from escaping and interfering with outside electronics

Both

Clear selection

TOF MRI requires selection of slices that are ______ to the images blood vessel.

2 points

Parallel

Oblique

Tangential

Perpendicular

Clear selection

Choose the INCORRECT statement regarding Magnetization Transfer Contrast MRI

2 points

Creates contrast by saturation a pool of protons in bound macro-molecules

Water, not fat, peaks are generally suppressed

Useful in multiple sclerosis imaging

Benefits from strong and uniform static magnetic fields

Clear selection

Hearing protection during MRI imaging is

2 points

Mandatory for everyone

Optional for old patients

Mandatory for children

Optional for adults of any age

Clear selection

High intensity focused ultrasound

2 points

Works by shear force/cavitation

Works by heat ablation

Uses very high frequencies

Uses fan shaped transducers to attain optimal coverage

Clear selection

Choose the correct statement regarding US arrays

2 points

Convex sector systems are capable of lateral resolution less than 1 mm

Linear arrays can not be used in pediatric imaging

Linear arrays suffer beam separation at greater depths which creates gaps

All statements are correct

Clear selection

Annular arrays US imaging

2 points

Allow two dimensional focusing

Has a cross section of an onion

Produces thinner scan slice than other types of array

All statements are correct

Clear selection

Variable electronic focusing in US produces

2 points

High frame rate

Lower line density

Increased FOV

All statements are correct

Clear selection

Choose the INCORRECT statement

2 points

1.5 D arrays have large number of transducer elements in the scan plane, and a small number in the slice thickness direction

Lateral resolution and elevational resolution in 1.5 arrays are usually the same

Spatial compound imaging (multi-beam imaging) reduces image dependent artifact and clutter

Extended FOV US images are rarely stitched electronically

Clear selection

What parameters relate the most to patient thermal effects in US?

2 points

Spatial average and temporal average intensities

Spatial peak and temporal average intensities

Spatial peak and temporal peak intensities

Spatial average and temporal peak intensities

Clear selection

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