Circulation in mammals

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1. A natural pacemaker of the heart is the... *

Sympathetic nerve

Parasympathetic nerve

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Atrioventricular (AV) node

2. Which medical procedure is most suitable to treat cardiovascular disease caused by cholesterol deposits blocking the blood vessels. *

Heart transplant

Bypass surgery

Inserting a stent

Valve replacement

3. Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? *

Helps the circulation of fluid to the heart

Aids the absorption and transport of fat around the body, via the lacteal

Plays a role in immunity response

Transport blood between the heart and the body

4. Refer to the diagram of a mammalian heart below. The correct labels for 1, 2, 6, 10 and 11 respectively are... *

Aorta; pulmonary vein; left ventricle; right atrium; vena cava

Aorta; pulmonary artery; left ventricle; right atrium; inferior vena cava

Aorta; vena cava; left atrium; left atrium; superior vena cava

Aorta; pulmonary artery; right ventricle; left atrium; inferior vena cava

5. Refer to the representation of the human circulatory system below. The correct labels for A and B respectively are... *

Loop 1; Loop 2

Pulmonary circulatory system; Systemic circulatory system

Lung circulation; Body circulation

Pulmonary circuit; Somatic circuit

6. In the below image, the movement of blood is indicated with arrows. Which statement is most correct? *

The red arrows indicate flow of oxygenated blood from heart to body via the Aorta; blue arrows indicate flow of deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs via pulmonary arteries

The red arrows indicate flow of deoxygenated blood from heart to body via the Aorta; blue arrows indicate flow of oxygenated blood from heart to lungs via pulmonary arteries

The red arrows indicate flow of oxygenated blood from heart to lungs via the Aorta; blue arrows indicate flow of deoxygenated blood from heart to body via vena cava

The red arrows indicate flow of oxygenated blood from heart to body via veins; blue arrows indicate flow of deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs via pulmonary arteries

7. Consider the different blood vessels. Which statement(s) is/are TRUE? *

Arteries flow from the heart; Veins flow towards the heart

Cappillaries are microscopically small; and veins have a larger lumen than arteries

Blood flows through arteries with a higher pressure than through veins

All of the above

Only options 1 and 3 are correct

8. Refer to the photograph of a heart valve below. Which statement if correct? *

This is a semi-lunar valve, found between the ventricle and aorta

This is a cuspid valve, found between the left atrium and ventricle

This is a tricuspid valve, found between the right atrium and right ventricle

This is a pulmonary valve, found between the left ventricle and pulmonary vein

9. Refer to the figure below showing an ECG. Which would be the correct labels for the letters on the graph? *

P represents atrial systole; R represents cuspid valve closes; S represents semi-lunar valve opens; T represents general diastole

P represents ventricular systole; R represents cuspid valve closes; S represents semi-lunar valve opens; T represents general diastole

P represents atrial systole; R represents semi-lunar valve closes; S represents cuspid valve opens; T represents general diastole

P represents general diastole; R represents cuspid valve closes; S represents semi-lunar valve opens; T represents ventricular systole

10. The cardiac cycle lasts 0.8 seconds and your heart beats about 70 times a minute. Which is correct regarding the phases of the cardiac cycle? *

Atrial systole is 0.2 seconds; Ventricular systole is 0.2 seconds; and general diastole is 0.4 seconds

Atrial systole is 0.1 seconds; Ventricular systole is 0.3 seconds; and general diastole is 0.4 seconds

Atrial systole is 0.4 seconds; Ventricular systole is 0.3 seconds; and general diastole is 0.1 seconds

Atrial systole is 0.1 seconds; Ventricular systole is 0.2 seconds; and general diastole is 0.5 seconds

11. Which are functions of blood? *

Blood carries substances from one part of the body to another

Blood plays a role in immunity

Blood thermoregulates the body

All of the above

Only options 1 and 2

12. Refer to the image below. Which medical condition is likely to arise for this individual? *

Heart attack

Stroke

Cardiac arrest

Elephantiasis

13. How does the lymphatic system differ from the blood circulatory system? *

Lymph vessels are blind-ended, only transporting fluid back in the direction of the heart.

The lymphatic system lacks a pump, it relies on muscular movement to push the lymph along.

Both of the above

None of the above

14. Refer to the image of a heart dissection below. Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle? *

Higher forces are needed to pump blood through the systemic compared to the pulmonary circuit.

There is a greater volume of blood in the left ventricle.

Lower forces are needed to pump blood through the systemic system.

There is lower pressure in the left ventricle.

15. What components make up blood? *

Plasma; erythrocytes; leucocytes; and platelets

Plasma; platelets; Red blood cells; and erythrocytes

White blood cells; platelets; plasma; and leucocytes

White blood cells; red blood cells; plasma

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