Hawking showed that quantum mechanically, black holes emit almost thermal radiation  (called Hawking radiation) and gradually lose mass. However, this evaporation process of black holes seems to violate the unitarity of time evolution, one of the principles of quantum theory, leading to what is known as the black hole information paradox. Recently, based on insights from  AdS/CFT correspondence and holographic entanglement entropy, the Island formula has been proposed to correctly calculate the entropy of Hawking radiation, offering a crucial clue towards resolving the information loss problem. The Island formula suggests that the island region inside the black hole can be interpreted as a quantum error correction code embedded into  Hawking radiation (located sufficiently away from the black hole). Therefore, this formula not only provides the correct calculation method for the entropy of Hawking radiation but also offers specific clues to the larger question of how semiclassical spacetime emerges from the quantum information-theoretic properties of quantum gravity theories. In this talk,  we overview the current status of the paradox and explain our recent study on specific reconstruction protocol of black hole interiors.

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Contact : Takashi Oka（ext. 63280）
e-mail: oka@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp