TOEFL Reading Test 4

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1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

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(A) The effect of the tides on Europa’s interior

(B) Temperature variations on Jupiter’s moons

(C) Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter’s moons

(D) Techniques used by Voyager 2 to obtain close-up images.

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2. The word “intriguing” in line 5 is closest in meaning to

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(A) changing

(B) perfect

(C) visible

(D) fascinating

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3. In line 7, the another mentions “cracks in an eggshell” in order to help readers

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(A) visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images

(B) appreciate the extensive and detailed information available by viewing Europa from far away

(C) understand the relationship of Europa to the solar system

(D) recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter’s other moons

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4. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979

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(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa

(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter’s moons

(C) did not emphasize Europa because little information of interest was available

(D) did nor mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered

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5. What does the author mean by stating in line 7 that “this analogy is not far off the mark”?

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(A) The definition is not precise.

(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.

(C) The differences are probably significant.

(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.

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6. IT can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common which of the following?

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(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.

(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.

(C) Both have an ice can that is melting rapidly.

(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.

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7. The word “endless” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

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(A) new

(B) final

(C) temporary

(D) continuous

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8. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter’s other large moons on Europa?

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(A) They prevent Europa’s subsurface waters from freezing.

(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europa’s surface.

(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europa.

(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.

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9. According to the passage, what is believed to cause the thin lines seen on Europa’s surface?

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(A) A long period of extremely high tides

(B) Water breaking through from beneath the surface ice

(C) The continuous pressure of slush on top of the ice

(D) Heat generated by the hot rocky core

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Question 10-19

10. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of the life of Archaic peoples?

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(A) The principal sources of food that made up their diet

(B) Their development of ground stone tool technology

(C) Their development of agriculture

(D) Their distribution of work between men and women

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11. The word “these” in line 13 refers to

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(A) seeds

(B) river valleys

(C) the Midwest and the Southeast

(D) experimentation and domestication

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12. According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America?

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(A) 7,000 years ago

(B) 4,000 to 2,000 years ago

(C) Long after the Neolithic period

(D) Before the Archaic period

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13. The word “adequate” in line 18 is closest in meaning to

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(A) sufficient

(B) healthful

(C) varied

(D) dependable

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14. According to the passage, which of the following was a possible motive for the cultivation of plants in eastern North America?

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(A) Lack of enough wild food sources

(B) The need to keep trees from growing close to settlements

(C) Provision of work for an increasing population

(D) Desire for the consistent availability of food

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15. The phrase “rather than” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

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(A) in addition to

(B) instead of

(C) as a replacement

(D) such as

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16. The plant “sumpweed” is mentioned in line 25 in order to

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(A) contrast a plant with high nutritional value with one with little nutritional value

(B) explain the medicinal use of a plant

(C) clarify which plants grew better in places where trees were not cut down

(D) provide an example of a plant that was easy to domesticate

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17. The word “thrived” in line 26 is closest in meaning to

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(A) stayed

(B) originated

(C) grew well

(D) died out

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18. According to the passage, which of the following is true about all early domesticated plants?

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(A) They were varieties of weeds.

(B) They were moved from disturbed areas.

(C) They succeeded in areas with many trees.

(D) They failed to grow in trampled or damaged areas.

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19. According to the passage, it is thought that most of the people who began cultivating plants were

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(A) medical workers

(B) leaders of ceremonies

(C) women

(D) hunters

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20. What does the passage mainly discuss?

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(A) The mass migration of ants

(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail

(C) Different species of ants around the world

(D) The information contained in pheromones

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21. The word “forage” in line 1 is closest in meaning to

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(A) look up

(B) walk toward

(C) revolve around

(D) search for food

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22. The word “intermittently” in live 4 is closest in meaning to

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(A) periodically

(B) incorrectly

(C) rapidly

(D) roughly

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23. The phrase “the one” in line 8 refers to a single

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(A) message

(B) dead ant

(C) food trail

(D) species

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24. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?

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(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals

(B) To attract different types of ants

(C) To protect their trail from other species

(D) To indicate how far away the food is

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25. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in line 11 to point out

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(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail

(B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce

(C) a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world

(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone

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26. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?

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(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.

(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail

(C) They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line.

(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.

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27. The word “furnish” in line 16 is closest in meaning to

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(A) include

(B) provide

(C) cover

(D) select

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28. The word “oscillating“ in line 17 is closest in meaning to

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(A) falling

(B) depositing

(C) swinging

(D) starting

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29. According to the passage, the highest amount of pheromone vapor is found

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(A) in the receptors of the ants

(B) just above the trail

(C) in the source of food

(D) under the soil along the trail

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30. According to the passage, why did the first people who came to North America leave their homeland?

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(A) They were hoping to find a better climate.

(B) They were seeking freedom.

(C) They were following instructions given in a dream.

(D) They were looking for food.

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31. The phrase “are easily disposed” in line 11 is closet in meaning to

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(A) demonstrate reluctance

(B) readily encourage others

(C) have a tendency

(D) often fail

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32. The word “Ultimately” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

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(A) frequently

(B) normally

(C) whenever possible

(D) in the end

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33. The word “compelling” in line 17 is closest in meaning to

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(A) joyous

(B) intricate

(C) competing

(D) forceful

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34. What is the main point of the second paragraph?

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(A) Public performance is essential to verbal art.

(B) Oral narratives are a valid form of literature.

(C) Native Americans have a strong oral tradition in art.

(D) The production of literature provides employment for many artists.

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35. What can be inferred about the nature of the Native American literature discussed in the passage?

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(A) It reflects historical and contemporary life in Asia.

(B) Its main focus is on daily activities.

(C) It is based primarily on scientific knowledge.

(D) It is reshaped each time it is experienced

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36. According to the passage, what responsibility does the audience of a verbal art performance have ?

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(A) They provide financial support for performances.

(B) They judge the quality of the content and presentation.

(C) They participate in the performance by chanting responses.

(D) They determine the length of the performance by requesting a continuation.

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37. Which of the following is NOT true of the Native American literature discussed in the passage?

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(A) It involves acting.

(B) It has ancient origins.

(C) It has a set form.

(D) It expresses an inner vision.

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38. What can be inferred from the passage about the difference between written and oral literature?

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(A) Written literature reflects social values better than oral literature does.

(B) Written literature involves less interaction between audience and creator during the creative progress than oral literature does.

(C) Written literature usually is not based on historical events, whereas oral literature is.

(D) Written literature is not as highly respected as oral literature is.

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39. What is the author’s attitude toward Native American literature?

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(A) Admiring of its form

(B) Critical of the cost of its production

(C) Amused by its content

(D) Skeptical about its origins

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40. What is the passage mainly about?

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(A) The influence of art on urban architecture in United States cities

(B) The growth of public art in United States cities.

(C) The increase in public appreciation of art in the United States

(D) The differences between public art in Europe and the United States.

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41. The word “exceptional” in line 2 is closest in meaning to

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(A) remarkable

(B) fearless

(C) expert

(D) visible

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42. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as results of the trend toward installing contemporary art in public places in the United States EXCEPT

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(A) the transfer of artwork from private to public sites

(B) artworks that represent a city’s special character

(C) greater interest in art by the American public

(D) a broader understanding of the varieties of contemporary art

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43. According to the passage, new settings for public art are appearing as a result of

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(A) communities that are building more art museums

(B) artists who are moving to urban areas

(C) urban development and renewal

(D) an increase in the number of artists in the United States.

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44. The author mentions Roy Lichtenstein and Alan Sonfist in line 14 in order to

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(A) show that certain artist are famous mostly for their public art

(B) introduce the subject of unusual works of art

(C) demonstrate the diversity of artworks displayed in public

(D) contrast the cities of Miami Beach and New York

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45. It can be inferred from the passage that the city of Memphis sponsored a work by Richard Hunt because the city authorities believed that

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(A) the sculpture would symbolize the urban renewal of Memphis

(B) Memphis was an appropriate place for a memorial to Martin Luther Ling, Jr.

(C) the artwork would promote Memphis as a center for the arts

(D) the sculpture would provide a positive example to other artists.

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46. The word “enhancement” in line 20 is closest in meaning to

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(A) replacement

(B) design

(C) improvement

(D) decoration

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47. The word “revitalize” in line 22 is closest in meaning to

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(A) show the importance of

(B) promise to enlarge

(C) bring new life to

(D) provide artworks for

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48. The word “that” in line 27 refers to

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(A) contemporary art

(B) opportunity

(C) audience

(D) distinction

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49. The word “executing” in line 28 is closest in meaning to

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(A) judging

(B) selling

(C) explaining

(D) producing

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50. According to paragraph 3, artists who work on public art projects are doing all of the following EXCEPT

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(A) creating artworks that are unusual in size

(B) raising funds to sponsor various public projects

(C) exposing a large number of people to works of art

(D) using new materials that are long-lasting.

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