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MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY GENERAL MEDICINE
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Who first designed the microscope, saw and sketched microbes?
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1 point
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Ilya Mechnikov
Dmitri Ivanovsky
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek
Without which structures, bacteria cannot carry out their activities?
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1 point
Capsule
Spors
Volutine granules
Nucleoid
Flagella
What structure determines the shape of a bacterial cell?
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Cytoplasmic membrane
Capsid
Capsule
Spore
Cell wall
Bacteria belong to Kingdoms?
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Eukaryotes
Priones
Prokaryotes
Viruses
Fungi
What is the significant structural component of a bacterial cell?
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1 point
Capsule
Flagella
Spore
Cell wall
Volutine granules
From what structural element of bacteria does Gram stain depend on?
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1 point
Structure of plasma membrane
Сomposition of cytoplasme
Structure of cell wall
Arraignment of nucleoid
Сomposition of Volutine granule
The structure of what morphological components determines Gram staining?
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1 point
Cytoplasm
Capsule
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Volutine granules
Which step or dye does not use in Gram staining?
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Alcohol discoloration
Fuchsin red
Crystal violet
Heating over the spirit lamp
Iodine solution
What is the reason for the acid fastness of bacteria?
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Presence of carbohydrates
Presence of glycogen
Presence of proteins
Presence of lipids
Presence of peptidoglycan
What is the difference of cell wall between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
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Peptidoglycan
Lipopolysaccharide
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
What types of nutrition do have pathogenic bacteria?
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Metatrophs
Autotrophs
Paratrophs
Heterotrophs
Auxotrophs
What mechanism is carried out with the active transport of nutrients into the cell?
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Without cleavage of the substrate
None of listed bellow
Without energy costs
By concentration of gradient
Against a concentration gradient
What is sterilization method completely destroys microbes in the material?
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Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Filtration
Tindalization
Drying
Which structure does determine the ability of bacteria to attach to the surface of host cells?
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1 point
Cell wall
Mesosomes
Fimbria
Flagella
Plasma membrane
What is the function of nucleoid?
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To keep the shape of bacteria
To keep osmotic pressure
To keep hereditary information
To keep cell’s metabolism
To keep protein synthesis
What is the function of cell wall?
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Formative
Spore-forming
Capsule-forming
Enzyme-forming
Energy-generating
What is the importance of chemical composition of the cell wall?
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Protein Synthesizing System
Contains ribosomes for protein synthesis
This structure is the same for all bacteria
Keeps hereditary information
It is responsible for Gram staining
What is the function of cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria?
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Gives shape to cells
Involved in the transport of substances
Participates in protein synthesis
Causes cell sensitization
Causes cell chemotaxis
Which is always present in bacteria?
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Cell wall
Cytoplasmic membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleoid
Volutin granules
Teichoic acids:
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Are found in the walls of many gram-positive bacteria
Make up the outer wall of bacteria
Provide receptors for phages
Influence the permeability of membrane
All are true
Essential structures for bacteria:
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Capsule
Spores
Volutin granules
Nucleoid
Flagella
The shape of the bacterial cell is determined by the structure:
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1 point
Cytoplasmic membrane
Capsid
Capsules
Spores
Cell wall
A prokaryotic cell has:
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Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Morphologically formed core
Mesosomes
Nuclear membrane
What is the outside, protein coat on a virus called?
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Genetic material
Capsid
Envelope
Tail fibers
All of the above
Virulent viruses reproduce by
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Mitosis
The lysogenic cycle
The lytic cycle
Binary fission
Meiosis
Viruses require this for reproduction
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Tail fibers
A mate
Cell membrane
Host cell
All of the above
The outbreak of coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic began:
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In the Amazon jungle in South America
We have no way of knowing where the outbreak began
In Wuhan, China~ in late 2019
In the United States, in Kirkland, WA, late February 2020
In Europe in late 2020
The symptoms for Covid include:
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Fever or chills, muscle or body aches
Cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing
Fatigue, headache, nasal congestion or runny nose, sore throat
New loss of smell or taste, nausea or vomiting
All of the above
A virus is a tiny infectious
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Cell
Living thing
Particle
Nucleic acid
All of the above
Viruses are known to infect
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Plants
Bacteria
Fungi
Human
All organisms
The capsid is composed of protein subunits called
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Spikes
Protomers
Virions
Capsomers
Clubs
The envelope of an animal virus is derived from the _________ of its host cell
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Cell wall
Membrane
Glycocalyx
Receptors
Spikes
The cell wall of gram-negative microbes contains:
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Multilayer peptidoglycan
Volutin granule
Lipopolysaccharide
Mesosomes
Teichoic Acids
Parasitism at the genetic level is characteristic of:
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Bacteria
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Viruses
To study the properties of viruses do not apply:
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Microscopy
Cultivation
Animal Infection
Ultracentrifugation
Gram staining
Viruses are cultivated in:
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Embryo
Simple Nutrient Media
Anaerobic conditions
Sugar Broth
Blood media
Reproduction of viruses includes:
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Mitosis
Transcription
Binary division
Transformation
Conjugation
Structural components of the virion:
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Cytoplasmic membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleic acid
Capsule
Ribosomes
For cultivation does not apply:
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Chicken Embryos
Organism of susceptible animals
Transformed cell cultures
Primary cell cultures
Media
Bacteriophages are characterized by:
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Cellular structure
The content of nucleic acids-DNA and RNA
Content of one nucleic acid is DNA or RNA
Gram Positive staining
High prevalence in the air
A productive type of viral reproduction includes:
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1 point
Biosynthesis of viral components in the cell
Lysis of viruses
Embedding virus nucleic acid in the chromosome of the cell
Changing the properties of the cell
Synchronous replication of the viral genome with the cellular genome
Which of the following characteristics are true for viruses?
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Obligate intracellular infective agents
Contain either DNA or RNA
Do not multiply by binary fission
Cannot grow in artificial media
All of the above
The main properties of viruses:
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Contain the same type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
Contain both types of nucleic acids
Capable of growth and binary division
Have their own protein synthesis systems
Have their own energy-efficient systems
In which case bacteriophage is not used?
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1 point
Treatment
Identification
Prophylaxis
Detection of antibiotic resistance
Indication
What function have viral nucleic acid after entering the host cell?
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Involved in cell division
Carries new genetic information
Does not affect the cell internal structures
Activates cell metabolism
Causes the cell to produce pathogenic enzymes
What are the main properties of viruses?
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Breathable
Capable to protein synthesis
Capable for growth and binary fission
Capable for spore production
Capable to reproduction
At what level do viruses intracellularly parasitize?
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1 point
Genetic
Cytoplasmic
Energy
Ribosomal
Cellula
Who is the founder of virology?
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1 point
R.Koch B.
L. Pasreur
Z.Vinogradsky
D.Ivanovsky
D.Zabolotnyi
Which disease is caused by Gram negative cocci?
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Rheumatism
Diphtheria
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Gonorrhea
Which disease is caused by Gram+ diplococci?
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Pneumonia
Plague
Tularemia
Borreliosis
Gonorrhea
Which disease is caused by streptococci?
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1 point
Measles
Scarlet fever
Ornithosis
Herpes
Rubella
Which is morphological characteristic of pathogenic staphylococci?
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1 point
Angled position
Arranged in pairs
Arranged in long chains
Arranged in short chains
Arranged in grape like cluster
What drugs are used for specific prevention of staphylococcal infection?
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1 point
Bacteriophages
Toxoid
Autovaccine
Antibiotics
Immunoglobuli
How does Corynebacterium diphtheria arranges in direct microscopy?
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As a chain
As a palisade
In the form of numerals
In grape like clusters
As a single cell
Who is the source of diphtheria?
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1 point
Rodents
Insects
Human
Birds
Cold-blooded
What is transmission of diphtheria?
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1 point
Aerosol
Sexually transmitted
Fecal- oral
Vector
Intrauterine
What is transmission of tuberculosis?
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Aerosol
Vector
Parenteral
Fecal-oral
Sexual contact
Which microorganisms does the fetus infect when passing through the birth canal?
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1 point
Staphylococcus
Pneumococcus
Gonococcus
Meningococcus
Enterococcus
Which morphological property is characteristic of streptococci?
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1 point
The rod shape form of cells
The arrangement in the form of short chains
The presence of spores
The presence of flagella
The presence of volutin granule
Which specimen is used for the microbiological diognosis of pneumococcal infections?
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1 point
Sputum
Urine
Blood
Feces
Mucus
How does the biological properties of Chlamydia can be studied?
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1 point
Gram positive strains
Spore forming
Obligate intracellular parasite
Cultivated on simple nutrient agar
Not sensitive to antibiotics
Which bacteria is Gram negative cocci?
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1 point
Neisseria
Staphylococcal
Streptococci
Pneumococcus
E. coli
What types of culture media is used for isolation of E. coli?
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1 point
Robertson’s cooked meet media
Lowenstein Jensen’s media
Loeffler’s media
MacConkey’s media
Wilson and Blair media
How brucellosis is transmitted?
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1 point
Flies
Unboiled milk
Cats
Dogs
Fecal-oral route
What are the symptoms of whooping cough?
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1 point
Cramps
Conclusive cough
Meningeal symptoms
Bouts of fever
Profuse diarrhea
Which microorganisms does the fetus infect when passing through the birth canal?
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1 point
Staphylococcus
Pneumococcus
Gonococcus
Meningococcus
Enterococcu
Who discovered the causative agent of gonorrhea?
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1 point
L. Pasteur
R.Koch
A.Neisser
D.Ivanovski
I.Mechnikov
Which of following are microorganisms that enter freshly laid eggs?
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1 point
Salmonella
Brucella
Shigella
Vibrio cholerae
Staphylococcus
By which following organism folliculitis is caused?
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1 point
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
Staphylococci
E. col
Who is a reservoir of dysentery?
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1 point
Infected patients
Poultry
Rodents
Cattle
Small cattle
What method is used for microbiological diagnosis of salmonella?
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1 point
Microscopy
Cultivation
Animal inoculation
Molecular
Skin test
Which specimen is used for the microbiological diognosis of pneumococcal infections?
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1 point
Sputum
Urine
Blood
Feces
Mucus
What are the transmission routes of chlamydial urethritis?
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1 point
By arthropods
it is zoonotic diseases
By contact way
Is rare in frequency
Present in normal flora
How does the biological properties of Chlamydia can be studied?
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1 point
Gram positive strains
Spore forming
Obligate intracellular parasite
Cultivated on simple nutrient agar
Not sensitive to antibiotic
How does the biological properties of Rickettsia can be studied?
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1 point
Gram positive strains
Spore forming
Obligate intracellular parasite
Cultivated on simple nutrient agar
Not sensitive to antibiotic
What is the mechanism of transmission of influenza infection?
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1 point
Blood transfusion
Airborne
Vector
Fecal-oral
Injection
What form does the Influenza viruses have?
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Threaded
Spherical
Rod-shaped
Cubic
Icosahedron
What clinical signs are noted for measles?
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Low temperature
Liquid stools
Appearance of rash
Diarrhea
Cough
What is the main route of transmission for smallpox?
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1 point
Contact Household
Air-dust-dust
Airborne
Alimentary
Sexual
What animal is the most common sources of infection with rabies?
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1 point
Dog
snake
birds
cattle
sheep
What morphological feature of the rabies virus?
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1 point
The presence of integrase
Bullet shape
Cultivation in the media
Icosahedron shape
Presence of DNA
What is mumps virus in the body affects?
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1 point
Lung tissue
Gastrointestinal tract
Parotid glands
Spleen
Hepatic tissue
What character of rabies is an infection?
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1 point
Acute
Anthroponotic
Slow
Intestinal
Endogenou
What is not character of rabies virus?
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DNA-containing
RNA-containing
Spiral type of symmetry
Has supercapsid
Medium
What is the main transmission route for rabies?
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1 point
Alimentary
Transmissible
Contact (when bitten by sick animals
Airborne
Transplacental
What shape have HIV virus particle?
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1 point
Brick-shaped
Filamentary
Spherical
Rod-shaped
Bullet
What structure of HIVgenome?
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Double-stranded DNA with a single-stranded region
Single-stranded linear RNA
Linear double-stranded DNA
Double RNA
Does not match submitted
To which group Epstein Barr virus belongs to?
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1 point
Retrovirus
Herpes virus
RNA virus
Pox virus
Polioviru
What the mechanism of transmission for poliovirus?
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1 point
It is transmitted by feco-oral route
transmitted by close contact
transmitted by blood
transmitted by air
transmitted by contaminated wounds
In what virus segmented RNA is found ?
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Influenza virus
Rabies vims
Herpes virus
Poliovirus
Adenovirus
Which of the following viral infections are not transmitted by mosquito?
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1 point
Japanese encephalitis
Dengue fever
Tick-born encephalitis
Yellow fever
All correct
Who first developed a vaccine for rabies?
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1 point
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Edward Jenner
Landsteiner
Paul Ehrlich
Which of the following hepatitis virus is a DNA virus?
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1 point
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis D virus
Hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis A virus
Reverse transcriptase is a RNA dependent DNA polymerase. Which of these use it?
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1 point
Hepatitis A virus
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis D virus
What is the morphology of HCV?
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Enveloped RNA virus
Unenveloped RNA virus
Unenveloped positive strand RNA
Unenveloped negative strand RNA
DNA virus
What is taxonomy classification of Varicella?
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1 point
Enterovirus
Retrovirus
Poxvirus
Herpes virus
Poliovirus
For which virus T-helper cells, macrophages, dendritic cells are targets?
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1 point
Herpes
Hepatitis B
Rubella
Human immunodeficiency
Cytomegalovirus
For what family HIV belongs to?
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1 point
Orthomyxoviridae
Togaviridae
Adenoviridae
Poxviridae
Retroviridae
What is the most common disease outcome in rabies?
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1 point
Death
Euphoria
relapse
Reinfection
Diarrhea
What is specific rubella prevention?
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1 point
Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and public hygiene
Healthy lifestyle
Vaccination
Introduction of immunoglobulin
Sanitary-educational work among the population
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