Intramammary antibiotics - Part 1 Grant van Lelyveldt Review Vol 26 Issue 2 AC/0970/22

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1. What are the aims of antibiotic use? *

a. Result in bacterial cure

b. Result in clinical/symptomatic cure

c. Result in animal welfare is maintained

d. Result in no antibiotic resistance occurs

e. All of the above

2. How are Intramammary antibiotics used to get the optimal dosing? *

a. Once daily, twice daily, off label, for 3 to 7 days

b. How you feel it needs to be used

c. Antibiogram and sensitivity test with the use of drug choice one, choice two and choice three

d. A and C

e. None of the above

3. Is the prudent use of antibiotics practical? *

a. Yes, The experience from the Netherlands has proven that management improvements and the use of alternative products (vaccination) reduces the use of antibiotics by as much as 46% in a two year period.

b. Yes, The experience from the America has proven that management improvements and the use of alternative products (vaccination) reduces the use of antibiotics by as much as 46% in a two year period.

c. No, The experience from the Netherlands has proven that management improvements and the use of alternative products (vaccination) reduces the use of antibiotics by as much as 90% in a two year period.

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

4. Types of antibiotic classification include the following characteristics. *

a. Method of action (Cidal/static), Target of action (protein synthesis, wall/cell membrane, replication, etc.), route of administration, time or time-concentration or concentration dependent, spectrum (gram -pos/gram -neg or both/broad spectrum)

b. Method of action, Target of action, route of administration, spectrum (gram -pos/gram -neg or both)

c. Method of action (Cidal/static), Target of action (protein synthesis, wall/cell membrane, replication, etc.), route of administration, time or time-concentration or concentration dependent

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

5. What are the five steps in applying intramammary antibiotics? *

a. Milk out the cow, Clean the teat and disinfect the teat end/orifice working from furthest to nearest teat, work from nearest to furthest teat by inserting the tube (partial insertion of tip of applicator into the teat orifice) then after applying medication massage treatment upwards into the udder, dip the teat with a teat dip/sealant from furthest to nearest teat and allow cow to stand for +/-30min, monitor cow for mastitis signs over the next few days

b. Milk out the cow, Clean the teat and disinfect the teat end/orifice working from furthest to nearest teat, insert the tube (complete insertion of the applicator into the teat orifice) and after applying medication massage treatment upwards into the udder, dip the teat with a teat dip/sealant and allow cow to stand for +/-30min, monitor cow for mastitis signs over the next few days

c. Milk out the cow, insert the tube (partial insertion of tip of applicator into the teat orifice) and after applying medication massage treatment upwards into the udder, dip the teat with a teat dip/sealant from furthest to nearest teat and allow cow to stand for +/-30min, repeat the administration of antibiotics, monitor cow for mastitis signs over the next few days

d. Partially milk out the cow, Clean the teat working from furthest to nearest teat, insert the tube (partial insertion of tip of applicator into the teat orifice) and after applying medication massage treatment downwards out of the udder, dip the teat with a teat dip/sealant and allow cow to stand for +/-30min, and monitor cow for mastitis signs over the next few days

e. None of the above

6. What are the three stages of the dry cow? *

a. Involution, steady state and colostrum/milk secretions

b. Drying cow treatment, recovery and steam up/fresh feeding

c. Involution, steam up and colostrum/milk secretions

d. Dry cow therapy, involution and colostrum/milk secretions

e. There are more than three stages

7. What is the Zone of inhibition? *

a. As a part of the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test, the zone of inhibition is the area of no bacterial growth surrounding the antibiotic impregnated disc. The measurement (diameter) of the area of no bacterial growth is an interpretation of the predicative efficacy (Resistant, Intermediate and Susceptible) of the different types of antibiotics that will result in an 82.4% of bacteriological cures.

b. As a part of the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic concentration test, the zone of inhibition is the area of no bacterial growth surrounding the antibiotic impregnated disc. The measurement (diameter) of the area of no bacterial growth is an interpretation of the predicative efficacy (Resistant, Intermediate and Susceptible) of the different types of antibiotics that will result in an 82.4% of bacteriological cures.

c. As a part of the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test, the zone of inhibition is the area of no bacterial growth surrounding the antibiotic impregnated disc. The measurement (diameter) of the area of no bacterial growth is an interpretation of the predicative efficacy (Resistant, Intermediate and Susceptible) of the different types of antibiotics that will result in an 27.2% of bacteriological cures.

d. As a part of the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test, the zone of inhibition is the area of no bacterial growth surrounding the antibiotic impregnated disc. The measurement (diameter) of the area of no bacterial growth is an interpretation of the predicative efficacy (Resistant, Intermediate and Susceptible) of the different types of antibiotics that will result in an 100% of bacteriological cures.

e. None of the above

8. With 23.1% of all cows treated for an IMI needing further treatment or additional secondary treatments. What would be a more effective treatment for an IMI? *

a. Early detection and identification of pathogen

b. A broad spectrum systemic antibiotic

c. Longer treatment periods

d. Higher antibiotic concentrations

e. None of the above

9. Why would an antibiotic treatment fail to cure an IMI? *

a. The MIC was not achieved, the wrong cow was treated, the wrong antibiotic was used (17% of the treatments were administered to cases for bacteria that had no approved antibiotic), the wrong route of antibiotic administration was used and the wrong timing of treatment (chronic IMI animals and no bacterial growths).

b. The zone of inhibition predicted resistance for the antibiotic.

c. Cure rate for an antibiotic was based on clinical signs alone.

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

10. Mastitis pathogens that are not responsive to antibiotics include? *

a. Mycoplasma

b. Yeast

c. Staph. aureus

d. E. coli

e. Both pathogens in a and b are non responsive to antibiotics.

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