CISCOFY Certification Tests (PR3)

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CISCOFY Certification Tests (PR3)

CERTIFICATION 2: Certificate on the "Goal Setting Methodology" as a tool for effective and inclusive online education

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1. What is the ‘gender gap’ in education, that emerged in the 1980’s?
*

Males generally outperform females in higher education

Females generally outperform males in higher education

Females and males generally have equal grades, but males complete their education at a higher rate

2. How do Schippers and Ziegler (2019) define Life crafting?
*

A process in which people actively reflect on their present and future life, set goals for important areas of life—social, career, and leisure time—and, if required, make concrete plans and undertake actions to change these areas in a way that is more congruent with their values and wishes

A process in which people craft their lives in the way they prefer, and ask others – family, friends, colleagues – to help them with this, and ask these others to give them personal feedback to gain more insight into themselves

A process in which people actively reflect on their past, to examine how this has shaped them in their current life, and to be able to resolve issues that arose from their past

3. Life crafting theory (Schippers & Ziegler, 2019) is based on insights from:
*

Goal-setting theory, motivation theory, the salutogenesis framework, and learning style theory

Goal-setting theory, expressive writing, the salutogenesis framework, and positive psychology

Goal-setting theory, self-directed learning theory, the salutogenesis framework, and positive psychology

4. Who was the founder of goal-setting theory?
*

Edwin Locke

Abraham Maslov

David Kolb

5. What is the meaning of the Japanese term “Ikigai”? *

Having a clear schedule for each day of the week

Having a purpose in life or a “reason for being”

Being unaware of one’s goals in life

6. On average, how many students experience mental health problems, which impacts their academic performance? *

1 in 10

1 in 15

1 in 3

7. What benefits have been shown in research to be related to having Ikigai? (Hill & Turiano, 2014)? *

Increases in creativity and economic stability

Increases in health and longevity

Increases in independence and sustainability

8. What are the three main components of “Meaning in life,” as defined by Martela and Steger (2016)? *

Ambition, Fulfillment and Significance

Purpose, Significance, and Coherence

Purpose, Community, Intentionality

9. The most essential components a goal-setting intervention should contain are which of the following elements (Schippers & Ziegler, 2019)? *

Discovering values and passions, reflecting on one’s ideal future, creating a specific plan, making a public commitment

Examination of one’s past habits, focusing on one problem area, crafting a general list of potential growing points, keeping a progress tracking journal

Group accountability, finding a path geared towards the most financial success, highly detailed plan, focus on one timeline in your life you want to improve, ideally the immediate present

10. The goal-setting intervention of Schippers et al. (2015) has been shown to: *

Increase academic performance

Decrease dropout rates

Both of the above

11. What were the most important findings of Schippers et al. (2015), who implemented a goal-setting intervention at the Rotterdam School of Management? *

The gender gap closed by 98 percent in year 1, and the ethnicity gap closed by 93 percent in year 2.

The gender gap closed by 20 percent in year 1, and the ethnicity gap closed by 43 percent in year 2.

The gender gap closed by 98 percent in year 1, and the ethnicity gap closed by 10 percent in year 2

12. When the Goal Setting Intervention was put in place at Rotterdam School of Management (Schippers et al., 2015), results found that the goal-setting intervention was able to close the gap on certain academic performance inequalities involving, *

Students of ethnic minority backgrounds who often underperform in their first year in higher education.

Female students who often underperform in their first year in higher education compared to their male counterparts

Male students who often underperform in their first year in higher education compared to their female counterparts and students of an immigrant background

13. During the life-crafting process of the more extensive goal-setting intervention (Schipppers et al., 2015), students are given a____________ as a way to help them better understand themselves by measuring several psychometric constructs and variables. *

Leadership evaluation: what makes a good leader, what leadership qualities do they contain, and what areas can they grow to become stronger leaders and more active in their goal setting?

Myers – Briggs Assessment: What is their communication type, how well do they interact with others, and what does this say about themselves?

Personality Questionnaire: What is their sense of purpose in life? What is their self-efficacy and motivation?

14. According to research by Schippers et al. (2020), goal setting helps to improve student academic achievement. Which statement is correct? *

Goal setting improves student achievement most when students set academic goals, focused on their study program

Goal setting improves student achievement most when students set general life goals, not focused on their study program

The goal type does not matter, both academic goals, and goals focused on other areas of life can improve student achievement

15. When going through the written portion of the goal – setting process and completing the self-reflections, students are asked to compare which two timelines of their lives? *

Present vs. their past – so they can better understand their historical self and their established traits over time.

Ideal future vs future without implementing changes – so they can better grasp what their trajectory could look like without meaningful goals

Past vs. their ideal future – so they can imagine what their ideal growth could look like on goal setting

16. What are two important things to take into account for a successful implementation of a goal-setting intervention in education? *

Make the intervention a mandatory part of the curriculum; start the intervention early in the academic year

Make the intervention a voluntary assignment; start the intervention in the second half of the academic year

Make the intervention a voluntary assignment; start the intervention early in the academic year

17. An important part of Life crafting (Schippers & Ziegler, 2019) is the use of “if…, then…” scenarios. What is the purpose of using these scenarios? *

It strengthens resilience towards achieving goals in case of setbacks

It helps participants to think about the qualities they dislike in others

It helps others to understand what your goals are

18. What are important advantages of integrating goal setting into a chatbot? *

It is scalable and interactive

It is cost effective

Both of the above

19. All the following are true regarding the advancements of the goal setting theory except for which statement: *

Advancements in goal setting research reveal that general life goals can improve academic achievement

Advancements in goal setting research reveal that a goal must be task-specific and challenging to improve academic achievement

Goal setting theory was built inductively, allowing for advancements to build off the theory instead of threatening old theory

20. Which option is not a recommended method of ensuring students remain motivated while completing a goal setting intervention? *

Making the goal setting intervention mandatory

Incorporating the goal setting intervention into the targeted course program

Making the goal setting intervention optional

21. All the following primary areas, except for one, feed into a student’s life, impacting their academic performance, creating either a negative or positive feedback loop *

Mental health

Well-being

Social free time

22. The purpose of writing “what-if” scenarios when completing a goal setting intervention is to... *

Teach students how to create contingency plans and ensure resilience on the path towards achievement

Teach students how to create short-term planning

Teach students how to navigate worst-case scenarios and start over if necessary

23. An AI Chatbot is part of an initiative to advance goal setting and life-crafting intervention. The services it would provide include all the following, except: *

Engaging complementation

Integrating student’s school assignments into their personal digital calendar system

Recommend further contacts and resources for appropriate help

24. In what ways has goal–setting markedly improved the academic performance of university students in the research of Schippers et al., 2015? *

Increased retention and GPA / credit obtainment levels

Increased student confidence

Increased student attendance

25. Schippers and Ziegler (2019) have created a framework of goal setting through life crafting that is unique in its approach in that it utilizes which additional process? *

Narrative writing

Public debate

Community networking

26. When a goal setting intervention was first implemented at the Rotterdam School of Management (Schippers et al., 2015), where the goal setting trajectory highlighted all of the following benefits of goal setting except: *

Raised performance by cohort participants by over 21% and saw an increased retention rate of 22%

Increased school revenue, because more students progressed onward in their studies

Increased gender gap between men and women first year students

27. According to de Jong et al. 2020 “From Shattered Goals to Meaning in Life...” life crafting is proposed to be able to help new ways of restoring purpose in one’s life if you are someone who has experienced which of the following during the pandemic? *

a) Increased anxiety and depression

a) Loss of work related to loss of purpose in life

a) All the above

28. What distinguishes goal setting from many other interventions that were targeted on reducint performance gaps, according to Morisano et al., 2010? *

Goal setting requires much more effort from participants than other interventions

For many interventions, the positive effect was merely assumed but the effectiveness is often not assessed

Effects of other interventions were mostly negative

29. What is an important advantage of a goal setting intervention over other interventions that target achievement gaps? *

Scalability: a goal setting intervention can easily be implemented for large groups

Positivity: a goal setting intervention takes a more positive approach than most other interventions

Attention: a goal setting intervention requires less attention and motivation from participants than other interventions

30. According to life crafting theory, what is the main purpose of using a so called "I WILL statement" (by which participants communicate one of their most important goals to others)? *

This creates commitment, which increases the changes of achieving the goals

This helps participants reflect on they way they want to present themselves to others

This helps participants to regularly change their goals

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