Fluoro & CT

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Fluoro & CT

Arrange the following modalities according to focal spot size; 1:DR 2:Fluoro 3:Mammo 4:CT

2 points

1<3<2<4

1<4<3<2

3<2<1<4

3<1<4<2

Clear selection

Assuming constant FOV, 1 minute of fluoroscopy has the same dose of

2 points

1 spot image

10 spot images

100 spot images

180 spot images

Clear selection

In fluoroscopy, source above the table setup is used in GU radiology to

2 points

Decrease patient dose

Decrease operator and patient dose

Provide optimal maneuverability of the tube during procedures

Reduce focal spot blur

Clear selection

The input phosphor is ______ and the output phosphor is ______

2 points

Flat, curved

Curved, flat

Curved, curved

Flat, flat

Clear selection

As the image travels from the input to output phosphor, the image is

2 points

Inverted

Reversed

Minified

Filtered

B & C & D

A & B & C

A & B

Clear selection

Flux gain mainly affect _____ of accelerated electrons. Minification gain mainly affects _____ of accelerated electrons

2 points

Quality, quality

Quality, Quantity

Quantity, quantity

Quantity, quality

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_______ always will improve spatial resolution

2 points

Geometric magnification

Geometric and electronic magnification

Electronic magnification

Digital zoom

Clear selection

In electronic magnification, the focal zone moves

2 points

To the periphery of the tube

Outside the margins of the tube

Marginally, remain in the same location

Move closer to the center of the tube

Clear selection

Electronic magnification increases ______ and does not affect _______

2 points

Air Kerma, KAP

KAP, Air Kerma

KAP, spatial resolution

Spatial resolution, Air Kerma

Clear selection

In fluoroscopy, increased spatial frequency leads to ______ fill factor and ______ dose

2 points

Decreased, decreased

Increased, increased

Increased, decreased

Decreased, increased

Clear selection

In fluoroscopy, using recursive filtration causes

2 points

Decreased SNR

Increased mottle

Decreased motion artifact

Increased ghosting artifact

Clear selection

________ artifact is seen both in FDP and II fluoroscopy systems

2 points

S distortion

Saturation

Lag

Glare

Pixel malfunction

Clear selection

Pulsed fluoro decreases motion blur and can reduce patient dose in the same time

2 points

True

False

Clear selection

In fluoroscopy systems, spatial resolution is tested with ______ and distortion is tested with _______

2 points

Lead bar phantom, Mesh plate

Lead bar phantom for both

Mesh plate for both

Mesh plate, lead bar phantom

Clear selection

________ are used in pediatric or extremity imaging, opposite to _______

2 points

Filters, grids

Grids, filters

Filters, markers

Localizers, grids

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Geometric magnification is used in ________. Electronic magnification is used in ________

2 points

Mammography, fluoroscopy

Radiography, fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopy, mammography

Mammography, radiography

Clear selection

Sentinel event dose limit is

2 points

1.5 Gy

15 Gy

150 Gy

Varies by institution and manufacturer specifications

Clear selection

In CT, the x-ray tube anode-cathode axis is _____ to the imaging plane to reduce ______

2 points

Parallel, heel effect

Tangential, motion artifact

Variable angulation, photon starvation

Perpendicular, heel effect

Clear selection

Bow Tie filters are made of

2 points

Tungsten alloy

Cobalt crystals

Purified silver

Teflon

Clear selection

In CT, collimators are used

2 points

At the x-ray tube

At the detector

A & B

Not used

Clear selection

In filtered back projection, “filtered” means

2 points

Removing noise

Standardizing exposure data

Sharpening or removing blur

Filtering hardened beams

Clear selection

Arrange the following in order A:Projection B:Ray C:Sinogram

2 points

A>B>C

C>B>A

B>A>C

C>A>B

Clear selection

The typical matrix for CT is ________ and each pixel is ____

1 point

128 x 128, 8 bits

256 x 256, 12 bits

256 x 256, 16 bits

512 x 512, 12 bits

Clear selection

Cardiac CT uses

2 points

Low pitch

Average pitch

High pitch

Variable

Clear selection

________________ will decrease HU

2 points

Increasing kV and filtration

Decreasing kV and filtration

Decreasing kV and increasing filtration

Increasing kV and decreasing filtration

Clear selection

In CT, increasing the beam width will ________ dose

2 points

Increase

Decrease

Not affect

Sometimes increase

Clear selection

X-rays follow ______ distribution. Gamma rays follow ______ distribution

2 points

Poisson, poisson

Normal, normal

Poisson, normal

Normal, poisson

Clear selection

HVL of soft tissue is _____ in DR, _______ in CT, and _______ in mammography

2 points

1, 3, 4

4, 3, 1

3, 3, 4

3, 4, 1

Clear selection

The display FOV is __________ the scan FOV

2 points

Always smaller than

Always larger than

Always equal to

Clear selection

Increasing pitch will _______ the slice sensitivity profile

2 points

Increase

Decrease

Not affect

Clear selection

Z-axis modulation in CT relies on

2 points

PA scout

AP scout

PA and lateral scout

Lateral scout

Clear selection

1 chest CT dose equals the dose of

2 points

100 AP CXR

100 PA CXR

100 portable CXR

100 PA and Lateral CXR

Clear selection

More detector rows leads to _______ overbeaming and ________ over-ranging

2 points

Less, more

More, less

Less, less

More, more

Clear selection

Ramp filter is

2 points

Made from copper

Made from Aluminum

An electronic filter

A polycarbonate mammography display unit filter

Clear selection

Increasing pitch generally will _______ helical CT artifacts

2 points

Improve

Worsen

Not affect

Clear selection

CT Windmill artifact

2 points

Is due to current ripple

Is due to detector row interlacing

Will improve with increasing pitch

Will improve with Z-filter

Clear selection

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