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Logic Exercises 2
For each of the following arguments, determine the form of the inference and decide whether or not the inference is valid.
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1
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If P then Q. Q. Therefore P.
If P then Q. P. Therefore Q.
If P then Q. Not Q. Therefore Not P.
If P then Q. Not P. Therefore Not Q.
2
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If P then Q. Not Q. Therefore Not P.
If P then Q. Q. Therefore P.
If P then Q. P. Therefore Q.
If P then Q. Not P. Therefore Not Q.
3
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If P then Q. Q. Therefore P.
If P then Q. Not P. Therefore Not Q.
If P then Q. Not Q. Therefore Not P.
If P then Q. P. Therefore Q.
4
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If P then Q. Not Q. Therefore Not P.
If P then Q. P. Therefore Q.
If P then Q. Q. Therefore P.
If P then Q. Not P. Therefore Not Q.
Consider the argument “God doesn’t approve of stealing. If God approves of stealing then stealing is ethically good. Therefore, stealing isn’t ethically good.” What is the form of this inference? Is it valid or invalid?
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0 points
If P then Q. P. Therefore Q.
If P then Q. Q. Therefore P.
If P then Q. Not Q. Therefore Not P.
If P then Q. Not P. Therefore Not Q.
Which of the following situations would show the premise, “If God approves of stealing then stealing is ethically good,” to be false?
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God approves of stealing but it’s ethically bad anyway.
God doesn’t approve of stealing but it’s ethically good anyway.
God approves of stealing and it’s ethically good.
God doesn’t approve of stealing and it’s ethically bad.
Consider the argument “God doesn’t exist because if God exists then there would be no suffering in the world, but there is suffering in the world.” What is the form of this inference? Is this inference valid or invalid?
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If P then Q. Not Q. Therefore Not P.
If P then Q. Q. Therefore P.
If P then Q. Not P. Therefore Not Q.
If P then Q. P. Therefore Q.
Which of the following situations would show the premise “If God exists then there would be no suffering in the world,” to be false?
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God exists and there is suffering in the world.
God exists and there is no suffering in the world.
God doesn’t exist and there is no suffering in the world.
God doesn’t exist and there is suffering in the world.
What premise may we put in the empty box to make the inference valid? (There are two correct responses.)
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If God didn’t exist then the world wouldn’t be well-designed.
If God did exist then the world would be well-designed.
If the world weren’t well designed then God wouldn’t exist.
If the world is well-designed then God exists.
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What premise may we put in the empty box to make the inference valid? (There are two correct responses.)
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If stealing isn’t ethically wrong then stealing doesn’t make people unhappy.
If stealing is ethically wrong then stealing makes people unhappy.
If stealing doesn’t make people unhappy then stealing isn’t ethically wrong.
If stealing makes people unhappy then stealing is ethically wrong.
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