PART 236—RULES, STANDARDS,AND INSTRUCTIONS GOVERNING THE INSTALLATION, INSPECTION,MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES
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All control circuits the functioning of which affects safety of train operation shall be designed on the closed circuit principle, except circuits for roadway equipment of intermittent automatic train stop system.
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Hand-operated switch equipped with switch circuit controller connected to the point, or with facing-point lock and circuit controller, shall be so maintained that when point is open one fourth inch or more on facing-point switch and three-eights inch or more on trailing-point switch, track or control circuits will be opened or shunted or both, and if equipped with facing point lock with circuit controller,switch cannot be locked.
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Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement shall be maintained so that normally open contacts will remain closed and normally closed contacts will remain open until the switch is locked.
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Electric locks on new installations and new electric locks applied to existing installations shall be of the forced drop type
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When any component of a signal system,the proper functioning of which is essential to the safety of train operation,fails to perform its intended signaling function or is not in correspondence with known operating conditions,the cause shall be determined and the faulty component adjusted, repaired or replaced without undue delay.
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Signal protection shall be provided for facing and trailing movements through spring switch within interlocking limits and through spring switch installed in automatic block signal, train stop, train control or cab signal territory where train movements over the switch are made at a speed exceeding 20 miles per hour, except that signal protection shall be required only with the current of traffic on track signaled for movement in only one direction.
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The indication of signal governing movements from siding to main track with the current of traffic on track signaled for movements in only one direction through a spring switch in automatic block signal territory shall be not less restrictive than ‘‘Proceed at Restricted Speed’ when the block, into which movements are governed by the signal, is occupied, and shall be ‘‘Stop’’when the main track is occupied by a train approaching the switch within at least 1,500 feet in approach of the approach signal located stopping distance from the main track signal governing trailing movements over switch, except that the indication may be caused to be less restrictive if approach or time locking is used.
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Automatic block, traffic control,train stop, train control, cab signal,and positive train control territory shall be designated in timetable instructions.
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When an electric lock releasing circuit is provided on the main track to permit a train or an engine to diverge from the main track without time delay, the circuit shall be of such length to permit occupancy of the circuit to be seen by a crew member stationed at the switch.
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Within 6 months of June 6, 2005,each railroad shall develop and adopt a software management control plan for its signal and train control systems
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Each roadway signal shall be positioned and aligned so that its aspects can be clearly associated with the track it governs.
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Aspects shall be shown by the position of semaphore blades, color oF lights, position of lights, flashing of Lights, or any combination thereof.They may be qualified by marker plate,number plate, letter plate, marker light, shape and color of semaphore blades or any combination
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A red light, a series of horizontal lights or a semaphore blade in a horizontal position shall be used to indicate stop.
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A yellow light, a lunar light, or a series of lights or a semaphore blade in the upper or lower quadrant at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the vertical, shall be used to indicate that speed is to be restricted and stop may be required.
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A green light, a series of vertical lights, or a semaphore blade in a vertical position in the upper quadrant or 60° or 90° in the lower quadrant shall be used to indicate proceed at authorized speed
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Each roadway signal shall be located with respect to the next signal or signals in advance which govern train movements in the same direction so that the indication of a signal displaying a restrictive aspect can be complied with by means of a brake application,other than an emergency application,initiated at such signal, either by stopping at the signal where a stop is required, or by a reduction in speed to the rate prescribed by the next signal in advance where reduced speed is required.
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Buffing device shall be maintained so as not to cause the signal to display a less restrictive aspect than intended
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Track relay controlling home signals shall be in deenergized position, or device that functions as a track relay controlling home signals shall be in its most restrictive state, and the track circuit of an automatic train stop,train control, or cab signal system shall be deenergized in the rear of the point
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Where relayed cut-section is used in territory where non coded direct-current track circuits are in use the energy circuit to the adjoining track shall be open and the track circuit shunted when the track relay at such cut-section is in deenergized position
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Where dead section exceeds 35 feet, a special circuit shall be installed. Where shortest outer wheelbase of a locomotive operating over such dead section is less than 35 feet, the maximum length of the dead section shall not exceed the length of the outer wheel base of such locomotive unless special circuit is used.
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Each track circuit controlling home signal or approach locking shall be so maintained that track relay is in deenergized position, or device that functions as a track relay shall be in its most restrictive state if, when track circuit is dry, a shunt of 0.06 ohm resistance is connected across the track rails of the circuit, including fouling sections of turnouts.
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Open-wire transmission line operating at voltage of 750 volts or more shall be placed not less than 4 feet above the nearest cross arm carrying signal or communication circuits
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Semaphore signal mechanism shall be inspected at least once every six months, and tests of the operating characteristics of all parts shall be made at least once every two years
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Searchlight signal mechanism shall be inspected, and the mechanical movement shall be observed while operating the mechanism to all positions,at least once every six months. Tests of the operating characteristics shall be made at least once every two years
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a test for grounds on each energy bus furnishing power to circuits, the functioning of which affects the safety of train operation,shall be made when such energy bus is placed in service, and shall be made at least once every three months thereafter
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Time releases, timing relays and timing devices shall be tested at least once every twelve months. The timing shall be maintained at not less than 90 percent of the predetermined time interval,which shall be shown on the plans or marked on the time release, timing relay, or timing device
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The control circuits for home signal aspects with indications more favorable than ‘‘proceed at restricted speed’’shall be controlled automatically by track circuits extending through the entire block.
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Route locking or other type of switch locking shall be tested when placed in service and thereafter when modified,disarranged, or at least once every two years, whichever shall occur first
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Signals controlled by devices used to provide protection against unusual contingencies, such as landslides, dragging equipment, burned bridges or trestles and washouts shall be located so that stopping distance will be provided between the signal and the point where it is necessary to stop the train.
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Arm, semaphore.The part of a semaphore signal displaying an aspect. It consists of a blade fastened to a spectacle
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Aspect.The appearance of a roadway signal conveying an indication as viewed from the direction of an approaching train;the appearance of a cab signal conveying  an indication as viewed by an observer in the cab
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Bed, locking.That part of an interlocking machine that contains or holds the tappets,locking bars, cross locking, dogs and other apparatus used to interlock the levers.
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Block.A length of track of defined limits,the use of which by trains is governed by block signals, cab signals, or both
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Block, absolute.A block in which no train is permitted to enter while it is occupied by another train.
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Block, latch.The lower extremity of a latch rod which engages with a square shoulder of the segment or quadrant to hold the lever in position.
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Chart, dog.A diagrammatic representation of the mechanical locking of an interlocking machine, used as a working plan in making up, assembling and fitting the locking.
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Current of traffic.The movement of trains on a specified track in a designated direction
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Distance, stopping.The maximum distance on any portion of any railroad which any train operating on such portion of railroad at its maximum authorized speed, will travel during a full service application of the brakes, between the point where such application is initiated and the point where the train comes to a stop.
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Forestall.As applied to an automatic train stop or train control device, to prevent an automatic brake application by operation of an acknowledging device or by manual control of the speed of the train
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Interlocking, automatic.An arrangement of signals, with or without other signal appliances, which functions through the exercise of inherent powers as distinguished from those whose functions are controlled manually, and which are so interconnected by means of electric circuits that their movements must succeed each other in proper sequence, train movements over all routes being governed by signal indication
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Interlocking, manual.An arrangement of signals and signal appliances operated from an interlocking machine and so interconnected by means of mechanical and/or electric locking that their movements must succeed each other in proper sequence,train movements over all routes being governed by signal indication.
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Point, stop-indication.As applied to an automatic train stop or train control system without the use of roadway signals, a point where a signal displaying an aspect requiring a stop would be locate
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Product Safety Plan (or PSP) refers to a formal document which describes in detail all of the safety aspects of the product, including but not limited to procedures for its development, installation,implementation, operation,maintenance, repair, inspection, testing and modification, as well as analyses supporting its safety claims, as described in § 236.907
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Railroad Safety Program Plan (orRSPP) refers to a formal document which describes a railroad’s strategy for addressing safety hazards associated with operation of products under this sub part and its program for execution of such strategy though the use of PSP requirements, as described in§ 236.905.
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PTC systems required by 49 U.S.C.20157, this subpart, or an FRA order, including requirements to ensure that the development, functionality, architecture,installation, implementation,inspection, testing, operation, maintenance,repair, and modification of those PTC systems will achieve and maintain an acceptable level of safety.
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After-arrival mandatory directive means an authority to occupy a track which is issued to a train that is not effective and not to be acted upon until after the arrival and passing of a train,or trains, specifically identified in the authority.
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Interoperability means the ability of a controlling locomotive to communicate with and respond to the PTC railroad’s positive train control system,including uninterrupted movements over property boundaries
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PTC means positive train control as further described in § 236.1005
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