2019-2020 - Unit II Practice Exam

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Questions 1-4 refer to the excerpt below

“Whereas it is… essential to our Interest, and the Security of our Colonies, that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians ...who live under our Protection, should not be molested or disturbed ...--We do therefore,...declare it to be our Royal Will and Pleasure... for the use of the said Indians, [to be reserved] all the Lands and Territories ...lying to the Westward of the Sources of the Rivers [along the Appalachian Mountains] which fall into the Sea....And We do hereby strictly forbid… all our loving Subjects from… taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved…”
The Royal Proclamation, King George III, October 1763

1. The Proclamation above sought to address British-Indian relations following the conclusion of *

a. the French and Indian (Seven Years’) War.

b. the American Revolution.

c. the Pueblo Revolt.

d. the Atlantic slave trade

2. The intent of the Proclamation above was to *

a. expand British trade networks into French territories.

b. limit colonial encroachment on traditional tribal lands.

c. create a political alliance with Native American confederacies.

d. reduce the impact of French settlers in New England.

3. Which of the following best explains why British colonists would have been frustrated by the Proclamation above? *

a. Population growth in the British colonies led many to seek land along the frontier between British territory and traditional tribal lands.

b. Increased attempts to regulate the colonial economy led many colonists to protest British rule.

c. Nationalist desires to compete with the French drove many colonists to attempt to expand Northward.

d. Repeated Native American raids of colonial outposts led to significant hostility among British colonists towards the Native Americans.

4. British Proclamations like this one directly led to *

a. the development of a series of alliances between the British colonists and neighboring Native American tribes.

b. open warfare between the British colonists and their French counterparts.

c. a growing sense of American identity in the face of perceived injustices.

d. an increase in the economic profitability of the British colonies in North America.

Questions 5-7 refer to the excerpt below

“Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others.... Here too is the design and end of government, Freedom and Security.”
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776

“[G]overnments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.”
Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration of Independence, 1776

5. The excerpts were written in response to the *

a. British government’s attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies

b. British government’s failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians

c. colonial governments’ failures to implement mercantilist policies

d. colonial governments’ attempts to extend political rights to new groups

6. The ideas about government expressed by Paine and Jefferson are most consistent with which of the following? *

a. The concept of hereditary rights and privileges

b. The ideal of primogeniture

c. The principle of religious freedom

d. The ideas of the Enlightenment

7. The principles expressed by Paine and Jefferson best account for which of the following features of the United States during and immediately after the American Revolution? *

a. The development of factions and nascent political parties

b. The rapid expansion of frontier settlements

c. The relatively limited powers of the Articles of Confederation

d. The growth of conflict between wealthy elites and poor farmers and laborers

Questions 8-10 refer to the maps below

Maps of North America

8. Which of the following was the most immediate result of the territorial changes in the maps above? *

a. Rapid settlement of the Mississippi River Valley by Europeans

b. A rise in British and French territorial disputes

c. Increased tensions and fighting with Indians in the Ohio River valley

d. Increased trade between Native Americans and British colonists

9. Which of the following was the primary cause of the territorial changes depicted in the maps above? *

a. A major war between the French and British

b. A purchase of territory by Britain

c. A temporary military alliance between Britain and Spain

d. Native Americans’ voluntary ceding of lands to Britain

10. What was the most significant impact on the relationship between the colonists and Great Britain resulting from the territorial changes depicted in the maps above? *

a. Partial representation in Parliament for British colonists

b. Renewed efforts to consolidate imperial control and collect taxes

c. Increased rebellions in the backwoods frontier such as the Regulators

d. Colonial anger over the suspension of the African slave trade

Questions 11-13 refer to the excerpt below

Therefore, to prevent a calamity which, of all others, is the most to be dreaded- slavery, and its terrible concomitants- we, the subscribers, being influenced from a regard to liberty, and disposed to use all lawful endeavors in our power, to defeat the pernicious project, and to transmit to our posterity, those blessings of freedom which our ancestors have handed down to us; and to contribute to the support of the common liberties of America, which are in danger to be subverted, do, for those important purposes, agree to associate together, under the name and style of the sons of New York, and engage our honor to, and with each other faithfully observe and perform the following resolutions, viz.

1st. Resolved, That whoever shall aid, or abet, or in any manner assist, in the introduction of tea, from any place whatsoever, into this colony, while it is subject, by a British act of parliament, to the payment of a duty, for the purpose of raising a revenue in America, he shall be deemed an enemy to the liberties of America..

The “Resolves of the New York Sons of Liberty” adopted on December 15, 1773 shortly before the arrival of a shipment of tea aboard British merchant ships.

11. The American patriots succeeded in winning independence despite the overwhelming military and financial advantages of the British. Which of the reasons they succeeded is best illustrated by this document? *

a. Resilient military and political leadership

b. Support from European allies

c. Greater familiarity with the land

d. Ideological commitment

12. The above passage mentions a rebellion against the import or introduction of tea as a direct result of Great Britain's efforts to consolidate imperial control over North American markets to help elevate their acquired debt from which of the following? *

a. The American Revolution

b. The Seven Years War

c. The Chickasaw War

d. Shay’s Rebellion

13. What is the “calamity” that the authors are seeking to “prevent?” *

a. The expansion of African slavery

b. A power of elites over laborers and artisans

c. Loss of individual rights

d. A rise in Protestant evangelical fervor

Questions 14-16 refer to the painting below

Molly Pitcher, i.e. Molly McCauley, loading cannon at the Battle of Monmouth, 1778

14. The actions of women like the one pictured above contributed to *

a. the low status women were afforded in the newly-created United States.

b. the rapid population growth of the United States.

c. the expansion of the ideological role of women in American political culture.

d. the success of the American Revolution in the face of British tyranny.

15. The most significant job of a “republican mother” was to *

a. bear children to strengthen the United States’ population.

b. teach her children the values of liberty and equality.

c. support her family economically through her labor.

d. preserve the nation’s memory of the brutality of war.

16. Works of art such as this one emphasized *

a. the idealization of women’s role in the American political society.

b. the impact of inequality on the war effort.

c. the commitment of the new nation to providing equal citizenship rights for all Americans.

d. enduring hostilities toward the British, even after the end of the war.

Questions 17-20 refer to the excerpt below

"The authors and promoters of this desperate conspiracy have, in the conduct of it, derived great advantage from the difference of our intentions and theirs. They meant only to amuse by vague expressions of attachment to the Parent State, and the strongest protestations of loyalty to me, whilst they were preparing for a general revolt...The resolutions of Parliament breathed a spirit of moderation and forbearance; conciliatory propositions accompanied the measures taken to enforce authority;…I have acted with the same temper; anxious to prevent, if it had been possible…the calamities which are inseparable from a state of war; still hoping that my people in America would have discerned the traiterous views of their leaders, and have been convinced, that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the known world.”
King George III, Speech to Parliament, October 27 1775

17. Which of the following describes King George’s view of the colonists? *

a. They were personally loyal to him

b. Their problems were with Parliament

c. They always had planned to revolt

d. They misunderstood the King

18. Which of the following does King George hold primarily responsible for the American revolt? *

a. The “desperate conspiracy” by some members of Parliament

b. The “expressions of attachment” by some colonial leaders

c. The “spirit of moderation” of some of Parliament’s resolutions

d. The “traitorous views” of some colonial leaders

19. Which of the following groups or individual would have been most likely to agree with King George *

a. Continentals

b. Loyalists

c. John Dickenson

d. Thomas Paine

20. King George III addressed Parliament declared that Great Britain would *

a. not give independence to the colonies

b. continue the use of the Navigation Acts against the colonists

c. implement the ideals of the Suffolk Resolves

d. revoke the charter of the First Continental Congress

Questions 21-24 refer to the map below

Western Land Cessions to the United States, 1782–1802

21. Which of the following is true of the territories ceded by the various states? *

a. The territories were strongly influenced by the French colonies in the area.

b. The territories were effectively organized by the national government.

c. The territories were threatened by Spanish colonial expansion.

d. The territories had a very small white population and were primarily occupied by Native Americans.

22. Which of the following policies was adopted with the specific intention of incorporating these territories into the United States? *

a. the Articles of Confederation

b. the Northwest Ordinance

c. the Bill of Rights

d. the Louisiana Purchase

23. The expansion of American influence into the territories ceded by the states led to *

a. the expansion of slavery.

b. a balance of power with European competitors in North America.

c. conflict with Native American tribes over land use.

d. a crisis in the nation’s system of republican government.

24. The national government’s policies concerning the lands ceded by the states would most directly feed into *

a. the debate over the relative power of the states and national government.

b. the ideology of manifest destiny.

c. the nation’s conflict with the Spanish.

d. the sectional division in the United States over the issue of slavery.

Questions 25-27 refer to the excerpt below

“Thus, fellow citizens, have I pointed out what I thought necessary to be amended in our Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure.”
A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787

25. The opinion expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been held by *

a. an advocate of republican motherhood

b. an Anti-Federalist

c. a Loyalist

d. an abolitionist

26. Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the views expressed in the excerpt? *

a. The limitations placed on the federal government by the Articles of Confederation

b. The fear of excessive centralized authority

c. The efforts made to increase economic growth in the new nation

d. The desire to settle new territory controlled by American Indians

27. The views expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to *

a. the addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted

b. a series of rebellions and revolutions in France, Haiti, and Latin America

c. the elimination of the international slave trade

d. the creation of a strong central government

Questions 28-32 refer to the excerpt below

“[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government.... Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other.... The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns…. The Unity of Government which constitutes you one people…is a main Pillar in the Edifice of your real independence…your tranquility at home; your peace abroad.…I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to founding them on geographical discriminations.…The Spirit of Party…is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind.
George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796

28. The concerns expressed by Washington were a response to the *

a. debate over the proper treatment of American Indian tribes in the trans-Appalachian West

b. dispute over the possibility of annexing Canada from Great Britain

c. controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France

d. conflict with Great Britain over the treatment of American Loyalists

29. Which of the following groups most strongly opposed Washington’s point of view in the address? *

a. Democratic-Republicans

b. New England merchants

c. Southern plantation owners

d. Federalists

30. Which of the following did Washington believe was very important for the United States to avoid? *

a. Excess of patriotism

b. Foreign alliances

c. Raising taxes

d. Religious obligations

31. Which of the following most directly prompted the arguments in the speech above? *

a. The French withdrawal from North America and renewed Indian attacks

b. Disagreements over the French Revolution and foreign policy

c. Internal unrest and backcountry rebellions against federal taxation

d. Debates over calls to abolish slavery and expand democracy

32. The speech above best reflects which of the following continuities in United States history? *

a. Debates over the relationship between the executive and legislative branches

b. Debates over the relationship between federal and state governments

c. Debates over how to properly interpret the Constitution

d. Debates over the proper role of political parties

Questions 33-35 refer to the excerpt below

“It is not denied that there are implied as well as express powers, and that the former are as effectually delegated as the latter.
“It is conceded that implied powers are to be considered as delegated equally with express ones. Then it follows, that as any other thing, it may as well be employed as an instrument or means of carrying into execution any of the specified powers...But one may be erected in relation to the trade with foreign countries, or to the trade between the States...because it is the province of the federal government to regulate those objects, and because it is incident to a general sovereign or legislative power to regulate a thing, to employ all the means which relate to its regulation to the best and greatest advantage.”
Alexander Hamilton, Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States, 1791

33. Hamilton’s constitutional argument was based on which of the following types of powers? *

a. employed

b. expressed

c. implied

d. regulated

34. Which of the following benefited most directly from the bank that Hamilton strongly supported *

a. Manufacturers

b. Farmers

c. State governments

d. Slaveowners

35. Who of the following would be most critical of Hamilton’s position on the bank? *

a. George Washington

b. John Adams

c. Thomas Jefferson

d. Henry Knox

Questions 36-38 refer to the excerpt below

“His Catholic Majesty [of Spain] and the United States of America desiring to consolidate on a permanent basis the Friendship and good correspondence which happily prevails between the two Parties, have determined to establish by a convention several points. . . .
“Article IV
“It is likewise agreed that the Western boundary of the United States which separates them from the Spanish Colony of Louisiana, is in the middle of the channel or bed of the River Mississippi . . . ; and his Catholic Majesty has likewise agreed that the navigation of the said River in its whole breadth from its source to the Ocean shall be free only to his Subjects, and the Citizens of the United States, unless he should extend this privilege to the Subjects of other Powers by special convention. . . .
“Article XXII
“The two high contracting Parties hoping that the good correspondence and friendship which happily reigns between them will be further increased by this Treaty, and that it will contribute to augment their prosperity and opulence, will in future give to their mutual commerce all the extension and favor which the advantage of both Countries may require; . . . his Catholic Majesty will permit the Citizens of the United States for the space of three years from this time to deposit their merchandise and effects in the Port of New Orleans.”
Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States, known as Pinckney’s Treaty or the Treaty of San Lorenzo, 1795

36. Which of the following was a primary reason that the United States and Spain agreed to the articles outlined in the excerpt? *

a. To force Great Britain to give up its colonial claims in Canada

b. To provide land for the establishment of Catholic missions

c. To minimize tensions caused by United States expansion into western territory

d. To prevent France from reclaiming the territory it lost after the Seven Years’ War

37. The agreements made in the excerpt best reflect which of the following concerns in the United States during this period? *

a. How to support western settlers beyond the Appalachian Mountains

b. How to avoid the establishment of political parties

c. Whether to assist the French in their war against Great Britain

d. Whether to allow slavery to expand into new territories

38. Which of the following groups would have most likely supported the agreements made in the excerpt? *

a. Fur trappers on the Pacific coast

b. White farmers in Kentucky

c. Merchants in New England

d. Native American leaders in Louisiana

Questions 39-42 refer to the excerpt below

“Resolved, That the several States composing, the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government; but that, by a compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a general government for special purposes — delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government; and that whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force….
…. that this would be to surrender the form of government we have chosen, and live under one deriving its powers from its own will, and not from our authority; and that the co-States, recurring to their natural right in cases not made federal, will concur in declaring these acts void, and of no force….”
Kentucky Resolution - The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 30: 1 January 1798 to 31 January 1799
(Princeton University Press, 2003)

39. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were issued in reaction to *

a. ratification of the Bill of Rights

b. passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts

c. the revelations about the XYZ Affair

d. the declaration of Proclamation of Neutrality

40. In the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison asserted that *

a. the states, not the Supreme Court, were the final judges of the limits of federal power.

b. the states were creations of the federal government.

c. the federal judiciary was the sole arbiter of the constitutionality of federal and state laws.

d. the "implied powers" of the Constitution gave the president the power to enforce the Alien and Sedition Acts.

41. Which individual or group among the following would be the strongest supporter of the Kentucky Resolution? *

a. John Adams

b. Democratic-Republicans

c. Federalists

d. Alexander Hamilton

42. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were a direct result of Federalist policies, and they *

a. were designed to nullify Federalist laws that imposed on the individual rights of Americans.

b. embodied the idea of seeding from federal government to tyrannical rule

c. advocated open relations with the British to check the power of the Federalists

d. begun negotiations to ally themselves with the French in response to a government that abused the power of the Constitution

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