SYNCOPE (5)

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SYNCOPE (5)

1) Which of the following is the most accurate regarding various forms of syncope?
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1 point

a. Presyncopal symptoms are more common in patients with ventricular arrhythmias than in patients with syncope caused by other conditions

b. Situational syncope associated with a fixed event, such as micturition or deglutition, tends to be associated with more benign causes

c. Cardiac outflow obstruction typically produces delayed-onset syncope with substantial prodromal symptoms

d. Vasovagal syncope is the least common type seen in young adults

2) Which of the following is most accurate regarding the presentation of patients with syncope?
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1 point

a. Syncope must be reported to have occurred within 30 seconds of standing to be associated with orthostatic hypotension

b. Syncope that occurs while the patient is seated or lying down is less likely to be cardiac syncope than syncope that occurs while standing

c. Symptoms of nausea or diaphoresis before an event is more suggestive of seizure than syncope, whereas the presence of an aura is more suggestive of syncope

d. Post-event confusion has been associated with syncope but typically only lasts 30 seconds or less in non-elderly populations

3) Which of the following findings is most accurate regarding the evaluation of patients with syncope?
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1 point

a. Comprehensive laboratory testing is recommended in the evaluation of all patients who report a syncopal episode

b. Cardiac imaging is required in the evaluation of syncope, regardless of whether a patient is suspected of having a cardiac etiology

c. A resting 12-lead ECG is recommended in the initial evaluation of patients with syncope

d. Carotid artery image is recommended in the routine evaluation of patients with syncope

4) Which of the following treatments is recommended in the treatment of reflex syncope?
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1 point

a. Cardiac pacing should be considered in patients older than 40 years with cardioinhibitory carotid sinus syndrome and recurrent frequent unpredictable syncope

b. Isometric physical counterpressure maneuvers are contraindicated in patients older than 60 years

c. Beta-adrenergic blockers are routinely recommended for most patients

d. Tilt training is more effective in older patients than in younger patients

5) Avoidance of syncopal triggers may be part of long-term management. Which of the following medications is most commonly implicated in syncope?
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1 point

a. Gabapentin

b. Disopyramide

c. Atropine

d. Hydrochlorothiazide

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