1st TEST ECOLOGY 6-4-2020

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Which of the following mechanisms can generate a stable population level?

Intraspecific competition

Cooperative behavior

Defensive behavior against predators

Reproduction by parthenogenesis

Clear selection

The global warming will have a greater impact on the mortality of organisms if it is observed:

Increase of the mean annual temperature, maintaining the thermal amplitude

Average temperature increase and temperature fluctuations are of a greater amplitude

Increase in minimum winter temperatures

Increase in maximum winter temperatures

Clear selection

Organisms in temperate regions regarding their thermal niche are frequently:

Poikilothermic

Eurytherm

Stenotherm

Thermophiles

Clear selection

The random spatial distribution of individuals in a population may result from:

High intra-species competition

Cooperative behavior

Defensive behavior against predators

Reduced or no intraspecific competition

Clear selection

Realized niche of organisms are lesser than their fundamental niche due to:

High interspecific competition

Predation

Lack of resources

All the answers are correct

Clear selection

In which of these situations the models of degree days do not apply ?

Fruit production in orchards trees

Date of egg hatching in insects

Gestation period in sheep

Larval insect development

Clear selection

Populations with K strategy in general present:

High fertility and short generations

Parental care and high longevity

Temporary resources

No answer is correct

Clear selection

The figure represents the age structure of a fish population. Considering two cases: (A) reproductive age from 10 and 20 years and (B) reproductive age from 22 to 30 years, it can be predicted that:

Population A will grow faster than population B

Population A has higher juvenile mortality than population B

The two populations will decrease their numbers in the next generation

In both cases mortality occurs mostly in the post-reproductive age classes

Clear selection

Regarding the interspecific competition, which statement is incorrect?

Both species can coexist stabilizing at a level below their carrying capacity K

The two species can coexist by differentiating their ecological niche

One species may exclude the other locally

Both species can co-exist by maintaining their carrying capacity K

Clear selection

The following case corresponds to apparent interspecific competition

The density of a predator increases following the abundance of an invasive species, resulting in the decline of a native prey species

A plant produces an allelochemical compound which excludes another plant

One plant grows on top of the other preventing the former from receiving solar energy

An insect consumes a plant

Clear selection

The CLIMEX model predicts the distribution of species based on

Their reproduction rate

In its climatic niche

In their life cycle

Competition ability

Clear selection

A risk model of an invasive species becoming established in a new region may include:

Fecundity rate

Climatic niche

Number of annual generations

All the answers are correct

Clear selection

The graph gives the relationship between the fecundity and density of a mite population:

This relationship results from intra-specific competition

It leads to a stable equilibrium when the population density is equal to 30

It leads to a stable equilibrium when the population density is equal to 55

This relationship leads to an unstable equilibrium

Clear selection

Two honeybee workers (A) and (B) are collecting nectar at 500 m and 1000 m distance from their colony, respectively. Optimum diet theory predicts that:

The nectar has a higher sugar concentration in the case of (B)

The nectar has a higher sugar concentration in the case of (A)

The honeybee (A) has other nectar resources in her diet

The honeybee (B) has other nectar resources in her diet

Clear selection

We can say that the population of the figure:

Has a strategy r

Has exponential growth rate R=10

It oscillates around a K-value of about 3800

It has a K-value of about 6000

Clear selection

The figure represents the density of a secondary pest on plots treated and untreated with insecticide for a primary pest, the differences between the plots should result:

Increased intraspecific competition

Reduction of predators on treated plots

Increase of predators on treated plots

Reduction of intraspecific competition

Clear selection

The numerical response of a predator to prey increased density may result from:

Transfer of prey

Greater effectiveness in capturing prey

Greater fecundity of females due to higher food resources

Increased activity of predator individuals

Clear selection

Allee's effect has been very much associated with the conservation of endangered populations. Which of these situations can lead to an Allee effect on a plant population:

High intraspecific competition

Consume by specialist herbivores with a numerical response to plant density

Increased pollination of flowers with increased plant density

Increased interspecific competition with density

Clear selection

The ecologists study the ecological patterns and processes at different spatial scales, and the result can be used in the management of natural resources. For the management of the activity of hunting rabbits, we use mostly

Population ecology and interactions of herbivory

Population ecology and predator-prey interactions

Community ecology of rabbits and hunters

Landscape ecology

Clear selection

Habitats are characterized by certain environmental conditions. Habitats and the population distribution of animal species that inhabit them, generally:

Are extensive and uniforms, and with populations uniformly distributed

Are patchy and mixed and with populations uniformly distributed

Are patchy and mixed, and with populations with variable distribution

Are extensive and uniforms, and with populations with variable distribution

Clear selection

The blue and green infrastructure network crosses the humanized landscape and has a role in ecosystem services

It accumulates organic matter in decomposition

It supplies preys for the ennemies of pests

It supplies feed for cattle

Ecotourism

Clear selection

Observe the transition between the vegetation on the South African Savannah, the evidence of the transition shows

a clear ecotone between vegetation types

a long ecotone

an ecocline

There is no ecotone in the landscape

Clear selection

The biomes are described by the dominant vegetation. The main abiotic drivers determining the vegetation of the biome are

Proximity to the sea and greenhouse effect

temperature and pluviosity

altitude and human intervenction

pluviosity and relief

Clear selection

Observe the image. The biome to which it belongs has

Temperatures between 5 and 20ºC and is located only in the main land

Warm temperatures and rainfall in winter

Mild winter temperatures and dryness in summer

Mild temperatures and very cold winters

Clear selection

The ecological evidence is obtained by data collection about interactions between organisms and the environment.

Data collection in all kinds of situations and testing hypotheses

Data collection in laboratory testing hypotheses with no replicates

In experimental fields and only by observation

Data collection in a way that our hypotheses is confirmed

Clear selection

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