Key Enquiry Question 2 Quiz

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Multiple Choice Quiz 2 Physical Factors and Processes along Coasts

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Hard rock coasts consist of resistant rocks such as... *

1 point

igneous granite and resistant sedimentary rocks, e.g. sandstone, limestone or chalk.

clays and shales

sands and mud

Soft rock coasts consist of... *

1 point

more resistant rocks such as limestone, granite and chalk

slightly resistant rocks such as marble and shist

less resistant rocks such as clays and shales

basalt cliffs

A discordant coastline consists of ... *

1 point

strata at right angles to the coast, with different rock types.

only soft rock types.

strata parallel to the coast, with the same rock types.

only hard rock types.

Concordant coastlines result in... *

1 point

headlands and bays

coves and cliffs

joints and faults

tombolos

The correct order of how joints in a cliff can widen are... *

1 point

stumps, caves, cracks, stack, arch

arch, stack, cave, stump, crack

cave, stump, crack, arch, stack

crack, cave, arch, stack stump

The fetch can be defined as... *

1 point

the shape of the beach.

the direction the wind blows most often.

waves which build up a beach.

the length of water the wind blows over.

What are the characteristics of constructive waves? *

1 point

plunging waves, weak swash, create steeply sloping beaches, create offshore bars.

13 or more waves per minutes, often have heights of more than 1m, have a strong backwash.

spilling waves, strong swash, create gentle sloping beaches, create banks and berms on beaches.

large amplitude, shorter wavelength, erode sand from the beach, and create a rip current.

What does CASH stand for?

1 point

Corrosion, Abrasion, Saltation, Heliocentricity

Constructive, Acidic, Siltation, Hydroelectricity

Corrasion, Attrition, Solution, Hydraulic Power (Action)

Cliffs, Anticline, Swash, Hurricane

Clear selection

What is a wave cut platform?

1 point

A level area of smooth rock left where the cliff line once was, stretching out to the sea.

A build up of the beach.

A small bay.

A shallow lagoon.

Clear selection

The main way sediment is transported is...

1 point

by erosion.

by longshore drift.

by shortshore drift.

by weathering.

Clear selection

Small bays on the coast can sometimes be blocked by a...

1 point

cove.

cliff.

bar.

lagoon.

Clear selection

Longshore drift carries sand along the shore until it...

1 point

forms a shallow lagoon.

reaches a river estuary where it gets pushed out into the river channel, eventually forming a spit.

is protected from storms and tides so remains calm, allowing salt marshes to form.

blows sand inland, forming sand dunes.

Clear selection

Sand dunes form when...

1 point

material is eroded from cliffs by hydraulic action and abrasion.

strong onshore winds blow sand inland.

weak offshore winds blow sand out to sea.

sediment is transported by longshore drift.

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Waves can approach the coast at an angle because...

1 point

of the strength of the waves caused by the fetch.

of the intervention of human beings using coastal management.

of the direction of the prevailing wind.

the sea loses energy as it approaches the shore.

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Deposition occurs as...

1 point

destructive waves erode the coastline.

air may become trapped in joints and cracks on a cliff face.

bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper.

the sea loses energy, it drops the sand, rock particles and pebbles it has been carrying.

Clear selection

When is deposition likely to occur?

1 point

When waves enter an area of shallow water.

When waves enter a sheltered area (e.g. a cove or a bay).

When there is little wind and there is a good supply of material.

All of the above

Clear selection

What factors affect rates of erosion?

1 point

agriculture, forestry, settlements and industry

geological structure, wave climate, local currents and tidal range, and groundwater levels

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How are waves created?

1 point

Due to the rapid erosion of soft rock. When formed, waves are sheltered by headlands so are less eroded.

When bays are formed, this makes waves more vulnerable to erosion because of wave energy being concentrated there.

By the wind blowing over the surface of the sea. As the wind blows over the sea, friction is created, producing a swell in the water.

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The energy of the wind causes...

1 point

water particles to rotate inside the swell and this moves the wave forward.

waves to erode a weakness in the rock such as a joint or a fault.

two caves to erode back from either side of a headland and meet in the middle.

a stack to be eroded by wind and water.

Clear selection

How does a spit form?

1 point

Longshore drift carries sand along the shore until it reaches a river estuary where it gets pushed out into the river channel.

The river flow halts the drift, so sand is deposited, forming a long sandy neck, called a spit.

The spit stops growing when deposition of sand, by longshore drift, is balanced by erosion from the river.

All of the above

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Why do plants that grow on the sand need to be tough?

1 point

Because they need short roots to hold them in place in light winds; they need to have brittle, porous leaves to absorb lots of water; and they need to survive going through long periods of drought.

Because they need long roots to hold them in place in the strong winds; they need to have tough, waxy leaves to stop from getting sandblasted; and they need to be able to survive being sprayed by salt water.

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What type of beach profile is created by a destructive wave?

1 point

A gentle, sloping beach because they have a strong swash, which transports sand up the beach.

A steep beach, because they have a strong backwash which erodes sand from the beach and caused the eroded sand to be deposited offshore, forming a bar.

Clear selection

What are two examples of natural weaknesses in rocks that influence coastal erosion?

1 point

joints and faults

till and nodules

stacks and stumps

scree and rockfalls

Clear selection

Which option is true for how Lulworth Cove formed?

1 point

A resistant layer of Portland limestone runs along the coast at Lulworth.

Erosion processes have created a gap through the limestone, exposing less resistant sands and clays behind.

As waves reach the sands and clays, the cove has quickly widened.

All of the above

Clear selection

How does a cliff retreat over time?

0 points

Wave power is concentrated at the cliff base where abrasion forms a wave-cut notch.

As the notch grows, a cliff overhang develops.

The overhang becomes unstable and eventually collapses, forming a pile of rock debris. The debris protects the cliff base from further erosion.

Over time, the rock debris is eroded by attrition, exposing the cliff to erosion again.

All of the above

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