Black-ball sponge die-off
Lisanne van Hoek - University of Amsterdam

In the end of 2020, after a period of high seawater temperatures, a widespread die-off of the black ball sponge Ircinia strobilina was observed on the reefs of Curaçao in the southern Caribbean. A large proportion of the sponges developed spots of dead tissue. This led to fast deterioration and death in many sponges.
 
We are eager to investigate the occurrence of this sponge die-off beyond Curaçao, to determine its geographical range. It would be extremely beneficial to us if you would be able to fill out this 5 minute questionnaire! Please forward this questionnaire to other institutions or dive shops that might have more information.

Thank you for your time and help!

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Would you mind to share your contact details (name, email address, institute / organization) so that we can follow up and keep you informed if relevant?
Example of healthy Ircinia strobilina                                                                                                                      (Photos by Benjamin Müller)
Example of diseased Ircinia strobilina
Are you familiar with the black-ball sponge Iricinia strobilina? *
Have you noticed Ircinia strobilina on reefs in your vicinity? *
What is your location? *
Please note the country / island or any other specifics (e.g. name of reefs) *
Did you observe any sponges of Ircinia strobilina dying / decaying during October 2020 - February 2021? *
Did you observe any sponges of Ircinia strobilina dying / decaying at a different point in time? If yes, when?
Are you aware of a study of this die-off of Ircinia strobilina in your area? *
If yes, who should we get in touch with?
If you had noticed unhealthy Ircinia strobilina sponges on your local reefs, have they now recovered?
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Do you have any photos / visible evidence of Ircinia strobilina that you would be happy to share? *
We suspect that this die-off might be linked to high seawater temperatures. Did you notice abnormally high seawater temperatures in your region during October 2020 - February 2021?
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Are you aware of relevant temperature recordings?
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Is there anything further that you would like to share on this topic?
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