AP World History Unit 4

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What was a maritime-based empire? *

1 point

An empire actively seeking to expand by land.

An empire actively seeking to expand by sea.

An empire that only had territory on lands surrounded by water bodies.

An empire that heavily relied on the sea for politics, economics, and more.

Why were technological innovations needed? *

1 point

The decrease of the population led governments to realize the necessity of having large numbers of citizens and by creating new technologies, they could motivate individuals to procreate as they could offer their children better lives.

The nobility’s political role decreased, leading them to desire to be credited with new innovations. This encouraged them to fund new technologies with the ultimate goal of regaining their political position.

As the population increased, there was a higher demand for resources. This could be solved by technological innovations since it would create a prosperous empire to sustain all of the new population.

The need for technological innovations can be debated considering there was no immediate necessity of creating new technologies for the empire to thrive.

What was the Scientific revolution? *

1 point

A religious movement that challenged scientific ideals as they were considered against God and faith.

A movement of extraordinary scientific questioning that advanced the knowledge of the world as it challenged religious ideologies and focused on empiricism and rational thought.

The gunpowder empires’ response to the growing rivalry between them and the maritime-based European states, as they desired to remain prevalent in their regions.

It was a war-like conflict between the Church and the Royal Academy of Science after several publications challenging fundamental religious beliefs.

What were some scientific advances? *

1 point

Isaac Newton’s knowledge.

New developments in mapmaking and astronomical charts.

The creation of the scientific method, emphasizing the importance of empiricism.

All of the above.

Which of the following statements are true about the new, innovative improvements ships had during this era? *

1 point

I only

III only

I, II

I, II, III

What were some advances in navigation tools? *

1 point

The creation of lateen sails was essential for ships to alter their directions and speed, further facilitating navigation.

The compass and astrolabe were two new innovations that helped explorers have more knowledge about the directions they were headed to and their distance from the equator.

There were not many innovations in navigation tools, except for the growing knowledge of monsoon winds that allowed sailors to comprehend the wind patterns to have a safe voyage.

The elaboration of new ships as the fluyt and caravel was so advanced to the extent that they no longer needed any innovative navigation tools.

What were some effects of new innovations, whether it was in sailing, science, or other aspects? *

1 point

New innovations decreased the movement of people on small and large scales, since the new technologies granted them everything necessary in their homelands.

Unexpectedly, there was a decrease in the exchange of goods since the new technologies caused strong competition between states, leading them to desire to maintain their innovations to themselves.

Mass migration and the growing spread of ideas, religions, and beliefs occurred as there were new innovations that provided new opportunities for people.

New innovations led to strong feelings of superiority by the European states which caused them to subjugate “inferior” populations to their power.

Why did the European states seek an alternative route to Asia? *

1 point

The creation of many new technologies motivated them to expand their empires as they continued to enhance their superior ideals.

The direct routes towards Asia were controlled by competing empires, leaving them with the challenge of finding a faster and more economically efficient path to Asia.

Asia began experiencing harsh climate alterations, especially caused by the monsoon winds, which made traveling through the ordinary routes complicated.

The Europeans strongly believed that by altering their route they would possibly encounter many riches, as they would have not explored the land on the new route before.

Why were Europeans encouraged to invest in trade and exploration? *

1 point

The increasing migration rates generated new opportunities for them.

They sought to satisfy their religious figures.

Their long-lasting rivalries with Asian states encouraged them to find ways to overpower them.

To encounter distinctively unique societies for Europeans to imitate their styles for more elaborate empires.

What are the three G’s of the reasons for exploration? *

1 point

Giant, geography, global

Gas, game, gather

Growth, great, gain

God, gold, glory

What role did political rivalries have in exploration? *

1 point

A great role, they encouraged European states to continue expanding and consolidating their power on new territories as they desired to seem superior.

A great role, rivalries discouraged the rulers to explore as they did not want to intervene with their enemies, knowing they could easily be defeated.

A little role, Europeans did explore but did not consider the political rivalries they had.

A little role, rivalries did not generate or eliminate any motives for exploration.

What did the era’s economic system consist of? *

1 point

Capitalism: The private ownership of the market.

Laissez-faire: Policy of no intervention in economics, letting the market regulate on its own.

Mercantilism: Maximizing exports and minimizing imports through the use of gold and silver.

Absolutism on economics: Allowed the empire’s ruler to completely control the trade and economic policies of the empire.

Who were the main explorers of this time period? *

1 point

John Cabot, Henry Hudson

Ferdinand Magellan, Christopher Columbus

De Champlain, Cartier

All of the above

Where did the Portuguese arrive during their exploration? *

1 point

Sub-Saharan Africa and several parts of Southeast Asia.

The majority of South Asia.

The African horn and Indian sea zone.

A few Caribbean islands.

What was the principal effect that resulted from the Exploration Age? *

1 point

The enactment of imperialism in Asian areas.

The European encounter with the Americas would develop colonization.

The establishment of trading posts in regions of America.

The religious conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism.

How can the Columbian Exchange be defined? *

1 point

The money Columbus exchanged to prepare for his journey.

The transfer of crops, animals, diseases, ideas, and people between the New World and the Old World.

An interchange in which Afro-Eurasia only traded simple crops in exchange for potatoes and chocolate from the Americas.

The interaction between Columbus and the indigenous people from the Americas as they exchanged facts and ideas about their cities to gain knowledge.

What was the worst negative effect caused by Columbus’ arrival to the Americas? *

1 point

The decimation of the Americas’ population by disease.

The enslavement of indigenous people from the Americas.

Genocide targeting indigenous people from the Americas.

The destruction of the previously stable European economy.

What were some crops brought from Afro-Eurasia to the Americas, and vice-versa? *

1 point

Rice ←→ corn.

Chocolate ←→ potato.

Wheat ←→ pig meat.

None of the above.

Why were diseases transmitted to such a large extent in the Americas as the Afro-Eurasians arrived? *

1 point

A new pandemic in the world emerged started by the Spanish during their explorations.

The Europeans realized they would be defenseless even with great amounts of weapons, leading them to encapsulate viruses to be spread in the Americas.

Indigenous people had no immunity to the diseases brought since they had no previous interaction with these.

The indigenous people from the Americas refused to receive medical help from the Europeans as they would make them seem weak, which consequently increased the transmission of diseases.

What were the effects of the Columbian Exchange on the environment? *

1 point

Lack of water resources.

Deforestation.

Soil depletion.

All of the above.

What was the function of trading post cities, aside from trade involvement? *

1 point

Become a center for politics.

Settle a base for European colonizers.

Provide a home for the European colonizers and explorers.

Establish a safe space for European missionaries to spread religions in new areas of Africa and Asia.

What was the Japanese response to missionaries in their country? *

1 point

Unsympathetically, they were welcomed at first but later on, the missionaries were expelled from the country for Japan to pursue an isolationist policy and prohibit Christianity.

Embracing, the Japanese were delighted to receive missionaries as they valued diverse cultures and beliefs. They constantly invited them to events for them to display their religion in an intellectual way.

Indifferently, the government allowed them to freely spread their religion without lovingly welcoming them.

Diversely, newer generations happily received the missionaries as they desired to interact with the Europeans to gain more knowledge about the entirety of the world. Nonetheless, citizens with strong traditional values opposed their presence.

Why did China strongly adhere to isolationism? *

1 point

Avoid war-like conflict with the Europeans.

Prepare themselves for future defense against the expanding Japanese.

Protect themselves from European influences.

Avoid being transmitted harsh diseases that decimated the indigenous populations of the Americas.

What was the initial role of the British East India Company in the Mughal empire? *

1 point

Provide the British with a temporary home in the empire to learn about the Mughals’ culture and beliefs, as they were fascinated by their state.

Indirectly battle with other Asian regions that had been strongly isolated from the Europeans to finally defeat them.

Conquer the entirety of the Empire by trading them poisoned goods.

Promote economic exchange between the European and Asian regions, while exerting their influence.

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas enact? *

1 point

It separated the Portuguese and Spanish rights to colonize the Americas with an imaginary line on a map.

It gave the Spanish the property of Tordesillas to create a single city dedicated to the royals and nobility.

It legally allowed the European states to enslave any person from the regions of Asia and Africa, as long as they paid the African kingdoms a small fee.

It placed expansionist restrictions on European states, especially the British, as they now had to regulate their interactions with the indigenous people from the Americas with the purpose of not decreasing their population even more.

How did the Spanish defeat the Latin American empires for conquest? *

1 point

Through the mass transmission of diseases.

Allyship with other indigenous communities.

Forcing the indigenous to give away their riches to receive a sort of protection from the Europeans.

All of the above.

Why did the Seven Years’ War occur? *

1 point

The Indigenous people from the Americas fiercely attempted to remain independent for which they continued to battle the French colonizers for many years.

The strong rivalry between the French and British led them to battle for the control of land and resources in the Canadian colonies.

The Europeans kept losing their population in the Americas and so, they allied to all collectively defeat the Americas and avoid diminishing their own citizens.

It was a conflict between the Native Americans and the British as they attempted to resist religiously by conducting rituals and sacrifices to their spirits.

What were the characteristics of the triangular trade? *

1 point

Occurred between Europe to Africa, Africa to the Americas, and the Americas to Europe as it was crucial for these areas to be communicated economically.

It happened between the native Americans from today's USA, the Indigenous communities from now Mexico, and the natives from modern Canada, to protect their economy from the Europeans.

It was the interaction between native North Americans, South Americans, and Africans to avoid being highly mistreated by the Europeans, through trading information and resources to protect themselves.

It was the exchange between Europe and Africa for enslaved people.

What did the new labor systems in Spanish America consist of? *

1 point

It consisted of complete slavery as the Indigenous populations were all forced to work with the Spanish.

It functioned as a tribute system in which the natives would give the Spanish information about the whereabouts of gold and silver, tempting them to discover it while the natives could protect themselves.

It demanded the indigenous people harvest for the Spanish in exchange for life necessities such as food and shelter.

The system was born on intelligence ideals meaning all workers were examined to determine which job would be the best for them, with the goal of maximizing production.

Why was the silver trade important for the maritime empires? *

1 point

The Europeans, especially the Spanish, wanted to construct silver-only infrastructure in their states to demonstrate their strong capability of conquest.

Due to mercantilism since it explicitly focused on silver, which was abundant in several parts of the Americas.

The empires viewed silver as a precious metal connected to religion, therefore having large amounts of silver would mean they had a strong connection with God.

Colonizers placed a strong emphasis on silver as they believed it contained healing properties that could help them retrieve the indigenous populations lost to disease, considering they needed them for cheap labor.

How was the Atlantic Slave Trade influenced by the Columbian Exchange? *

1 point

The enslaved people refused to participate in the exchanges as they fled from African regions to Asia.

The Columbian Exchange brought many new crops to the Americas which needed to be cultivated in a free manner, for which the Europeans enslaved Africans to provide them with such labor.

The European colonizers needed larger populations to seek gold and silver as it became necessary for the continuous Columbian exchange with the world.

The exchange brought many diseases to the Americas that completely diminished the native population meaning the Europeans had no source for cheap labor; for which, they used the Atlantic Slave trade to provide labor.

How did the Atlantic Slave Trade generate a diaspora? *

1 point

It brought cultural beliefs, languages, foods, and more.

Created more than 1000 dialects, among them “Creole”.

Generated new types of music such as gospel, jazz, reggae, samba, and hip hop.

All of the above.

What were the principal effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade in Africa? *

1 point

There was an increase in the African population as the Europeans rewarded the African kingdoms with large amounts of food and money for providing them with Africans to enslave.

African religious beliefs grew in power as the African populations desired to feel protected from the slave trade.

Gender imbalances arose in Africa as there were much more women than men, developing polygamy tendencies in the area.

African kingdoms grew economically as they received payment from the Europeans in exchange for enslaved people.

How did mercantilist policies create a Commercial Revolution? *

1 point

Mercantilism focused on maximizing exports and minimizing imports by utilizing gold and silver, the two precious metals that characterized the commercial revolution.

It underdeveloped European colonies which led to desperation by the Europeans and thus, they created a revolution to strengthen their empires.

It decreased the number of trading posts to center the revolution in Europe, for only them to be benefited.

It diminished any form of inflation that could cause economic harm.

What was the purpose of joint-stock companies? *

1 point

Create partnerships between Europeans to decrease the political rivalries they faced in economics.

Comply with the ongoing demands and avoid any major risks in business.

Generate new forms of economics as the colonies were not providing enough profit for the European states.

To decrease the revenue of the colonies since the Europeans who remained in Europe were losing their money due to the colonies.

How did the Spanish viceroys and audiencias generate conflicts with the indigenous people of the Americas? *

1 point

They constituted themselves with more and more power among the indigenous who desired to preserve their culture, which the European were destroying.

They did not generate any conflict considering they worked in favor of the natives to promote stable peace in the colonies.

These only created conflict with the past indigenous rulers as the Europeans had to delegitimatize their authority, while the other natives had no problem with the Spanish viceroys and audiencias.

These helped conserve the indigenous culture that began to lose itself at the beginning of the conquest.

How did syncretic belief systems challenge the power of the colonizing empires? *

1 point

It established new aspects of culture made to glorify the European state.

It demonstrated the Indigenous peoples’ adherence to European new customs.

It proved that natives still strongly attempted to conserve their own culture and beliefs.

It developed alongside revolting labor systems.

What was Queen Nzinga’s response to the Portuguese colonizers? *

1 point

She immediately resigned her power to the Portuguese to avoid mass murders in her kingdom.

She abstained from making any decision since she did not consider the Portuguese were an imminent threat to her kingdom.

She directed her citizens to escape to outer regions of Asia as she desired to avoid including them in any conflict.

She allied with the Dutch to help them defend themselves against the Portuguese.

Why did Russian serfs face a great amount of governmental conflict? *

1 point

They repeatedly mocked the government as they desired to adhere to their own traditions.

They were under constant, harsh oppression as they had no freedom and large debts.

They attempted to pay off their debts by revolting against the government and stealing large amounts of riches and gold.

They created anti-Russian sentiments in Russian colonies.

How and why was the Maratha Empire created? *

1 point

Several ethnic minorities in the Ottoman empire plotted together to separate from the empire and have the ability to rule themselves, by demanding law reform.

It was created by the Europeans in South America as a response to the revolting natives as it allowed them to preserve some aspects of their culture, in exchange for more labor.

The Hindu minority warriors known as the Marathas overpowered the Mughals and established their own empire.

The religious rivalry between the Ottomans and Safavids continued to grow until they allied to create a sub-region of their empires in which these contrasting beliefs of Sunnism and Shi’ism could interact peacefully.

What did the Pueblo Revolt seek? *

1 point

Indigenous groups desired to reinforce their presence in the Americas against Europeans.

The removal of the Spanish from native territories.

The continuation of the natives’ religious and cultural beliefs.

All of the above.

What was the main direct effect of the 95 Theses and Lutheranism? *

1 point

The separation between Catholicism and Protestantism as a new religion.

Various Church reforms in an attempt to satisfy their followers.

The discrimination of Catholics in the European continent.

The spread of missionaries in the colonies of the Americas.

What were the two new harsh and discriminatory labor systems? *

1 point

Chattel slavery, indentured servitude.

Economic slavery, Millet system.

Forced labor of criminals and priests.

None of the above.

How did the Spanish castas divide people? *

1 point

It divided them by class.

It divided them by race.

It divided them by religion.

It divided them by ethnicity.

In which ways did the Manchus assert their cultural dominance in the Qing Dynasty? *

1 point

By placing themselves in the richest areas of the famous cities of the dynasty.

By forcing the entirety of the population to wear clothes and style their hair in Manchu-style.

By continuing the practices of foot-binding and appealing to new Confucian ideals.

By establishing their religion as dominant in the empire.

How did European political power actually distribute itself? *

1 point

The nobility had great power both over the Parliament and the royals, while the commoners held a decent status in society.

The royals shared their power with every class in the country as they desired to promote stability and peace in their states.

Commoners often held the higher ground in Parliamentary decisions considering that the nobility would be disadvantaged if the commoners were to be unsatisfied.

The monarch had the majority of the power over the state while the nobility mainly controlled the Parliament, leaving the commoners in ruin.

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