Часть А

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Cities A1…markets and shopping centres for hundreds of years. However, the shopping mall of today A2…  in the USA in the 1920s. The Country Club Plaza A3…to have been the first mall. This mall, which was designed by J.C. Nichols, was located outside of the city. It had a car park and a large number of clothing and homeware retailers inside one building. During the 1980s and 1990s malls were very popular. The internet  A4… this because often shopping online is more convenient  than going to a mall.

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Jane Roberts is a marine biologist. She worked for two years in Antarctica.

§1. There is really a pole at the South Pole. It’s in front of the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. In 1911 a Norwegian explorer called Roald Amundsen was the first  person to get there, followed by a British man, Robert Falcon Scott, thirty-four days later. Unfortunately, Scott and his team of five all died on the return journey. When the first explorers reached the South Pole there was nothing there. Now, several hundred people work at the Station. There’s an airstrip for small planes, a canteen, hot showers, a post of office, a tourist shop, a basketball court and a movie theatre.

§2. Antarctica doesn’t belong to any nation. There’s no permanent population, but there are bases that look like small towns. Thirty different countries run about seventy research stations in Antarctica. People stay there between three and eighteen months. Most people work only in the summer months, but some stay all year round. The population is around 4,000 in summer and 1,000 in winter.

§3. I was studying in London and I read about an exciting research project in Antarctica. I applied for the job, but thousands of other people also applied. I was lucky! What exactly were you doing there? I was doing research into marine life. I collected specimens of ice and examined them in the laboratory. There are layers of ice thousands of years old! We found the remains of a dinosaur. It was in millions of pieces and we had to put all the pieces together like a jigsaw. Our research showed us that millions of years ago the Antarctic was much warmer.

Часть В

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 (B1) ... balance, some people enjoy watching films at the cinema, and others like to stay at home to watch. There are many reasons  (B2) ...  this,  (B3) ... instance it’s cheaper to watch films at home.

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B9. It seems what every week we read some big news about health research and what we should or

B10. shouldn’t be doing to either live longer, stay healthier, or avoid age-related problems. The trouble

B11. is that so many of the studies they have base these announcements on are small, incomplete or

B12. not well documented, and we’re left wondering what to think. I think it’s enough obvious that

B13. eating so a balanced diet is good for your general health, though there’s some debate about

B14. that, and there’s certainly agreement that taking too many painkillers can really to lead to serious

B15. down the road. But recently I read that older men should avoid taking its fish oil because it

B16. can cause a specific type of cancer. Since then my husband has been taking fish  for plenty years,

B17. the news which gave me a scare so I did some research and… well, no studies show

B18. that there’s a link, and it’s  been  basically just something to talk about on the Internet.

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A coral reef off Australian coast is huge and although people (B19) ... (PROBABLE) assume it’s one reef, it’s actually more like thousands of individual reefs. The area’s stunning, with colours ranging from blue and pink to purple and green. But the coral is under threat and so many creatures that live there are losing their habitat. So for them its(B20) ... (SURVIVE) is crucial. (B21) ... (ECOLOGY) are trying to clean the water in the area, partly because certain predators search for food in polluted water. This attracts them to the reef and makes them yet another hazard for already   (B22) ... (DANGER) reef dwellers.