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Aim: How do amino acids synthesize on the ribosome?
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How do genes direct the production of proteins?
From DNA to Protein (
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA
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Directions:
Multiple Choice:Choose the number that corresponds to the BEST answer. There is only one BEST answer for each question.Short Answer: Answer each question to the best of your ability. Be sure to show your thought process.
1. After a cell was treated with a certain chemical, the ribosomes stopped functioning. Which cell activity was immediately affected by this change in ribosome function?
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4 points
(1) intracellular transport
(2) protein synthesis
(3) aerobic respiration
(4) excretion of metabolic wastes
2. A certain protein is found in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. This provides evidence that plants and bacteria
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4 points
(1) have some similar DNA base sequences.
(2) digest proteins into simple sugars.
(3) contain certain pathogenic microbes.
(4) can use carbon dioxide to make proteins.
3. Which cell structures are correctly paired with their functions?
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4 points
(1) The mitochondria produce enzymes, and ribosomes transport them.
(2) The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleus stores genetic information.
(3) The cell membrane make enzymes, and cytoplasm transports them.
(4) The vacuole stores genetic information, and chloroplasts make proteins.
4. In a cell, information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to which organelle?
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4 points
(1) cell membrane
(2) chloroplasts
(3) mitochondria
(4) ribosomes
5. The table below represents a segment of a DNA molecule found in a stomach cell, both before and after undergoing replication.
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4 points
(1) An enzyme the cell produces might no longer function.
(2) The cells would begin to form gametes to be released.
(3) Many new hormones would be synthesized by the cells.
(4) Chloroplasts would be produced by the ribosomes.
6. During the process of transcription, which of the following is produced?
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4 points
(1) CO2
(2) ATP
(3) mRNA
(4) DNA
7. During protein synthesis, amino acids in the cytoplasm are picked up by molecules of
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4 points
(1) transfer RNA
(2) messenger RNA
(3) mitochondrial DNA
(4) nuclear DNA
8. The diagram below represents a portion of a type of organic molecule present in the cells of organisms.
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4 points
(1) The molecule will be converted into an inorganic compound.
(2) The amino acid sequence may be altered during protein synthesis.
(3) The chromosome number will decrease in future generations.
(4) The chromosome number may increase within the organisms.
9. Which of the following best describes a transcription?
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4 points
1). DNA to DNA
2) mRNA to tRNA
3) DNA to mRNA
4) DNA to protein
10. What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
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4 points
1) the sequence of the nucleotides in the mRNA.
2) the sequences of amino acids in another protein.
3) the sequence of nucleotides in the tRNA.
4) the sequence of amino acids in the DNA.
11. Why does the genetic code have to be a triple code?
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4 points
1) so there are enough codes for the 20 amino acids.
2) so that each amino acid is coded by one base.
3) because there are more base pairs than amino acids.
4) there is no reason.
12. Process B involves the pairing of a codon with a triplet code on a transfer RNA molecule. A correct pairing would be
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4 points
(1) CAT and GTA
(2) AAU and UUA
(3) GUG and UGU
(4) CAG and GUA
13. When does protein synthesis stop?
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4 points
1) When the mRNA has been copied.
2) When the stop codon has been reached.
3) When there is enough protein.
4) When the start codon is located on the mRNA.
14. The ribosome is an organelle that functions in which process?
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4 points
(1) Protein synthesis
(2) Mitosis
(3) Meiosis
(4) Photosynthesis
15. DNA is able to control cellular activities most directly by regulating the process of
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4 points
(1) meiotic division
(2) protein synthesis
(3) active transport
(4) selective breeding
16. The correct order of molecules involved in protein synthesis is
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4 points
(1) messenger RNA, transfer RNA, DNA, polypeptide (protein)
(2) DNA, messenger RNA, polypeptide (protein), transfer RNA
(3) transfer RNA, polypeptide (protein), DNA, messenger RNA, DNA
(4) DNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, polypeptide (protein)
17. The process shown in the diagram is
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3 points
(1) cellular respiration
(2) cellular reorganization
(3) gene recombination
(4) protein synthesis
18. If strand B represents messenger RNA, it would transport the genetic code from the
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3 points
(1) ribosome to the nucleus
(2) nucleus to the ribosome
(3) mitochondria to the nucleus
(4) nucleus to the mitochondria
19. Which structure is indicated by letter A?
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3 points
(1) ribosome
(2) mitochondrion
(3) lysosome
(4) Golgi body
20. Base your answer on the diagram below, which represents a sequence of events in a biological process that occurs within human cells and on your knowledge of biology.
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4 points
(1) starch necessary for ribosome synthesis in the cytoplasm
(2) organic substance that is broken down into molecules B, C, and D
(3) proteins that form the ribosome in the cytoplasm
(4) directions for the synthesis of molecules B, C, and D
21. Which set of functions is directly controlled by the cell membrane?
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4 points
(1) Protein synthesis, respiration, digestion of food molecules
(2) active transport, recognition of chemical messages, protection
(3) enzyme production, elimination of large molecules, duplication of DNA codes
(4) release of ATP molecules, regulation of cell reproduction, food production
22. Number 4 represents a
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4 points
(1) gene
(2) nucleotide
(3) codon
(4) sugar
23. Which two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis?
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4 points
(1) nucleus and chloroplast
(2) ribosome and vacuole
(3) nucleus and ribosome
(4) mitochondrion and cell membrane
24.
In the diagram, A represents a ________________________
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4 points
Your answer
25. In the diagram, C represents a
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4 points
Your answer
26. Determine the amino acids using the codons in diagram labeled B.
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4 points
Your answer
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