Bhutan has gone through tremendous development over the last 50 years, yet it remains one of only eight carbon neutral countries in the world. This lecture will discuss the history of Bhutan's carbon negative status, how it has engaged in sustainable development, and the difficulties of remaining carbon negative. Bhutan faces some challenges over the next decade that make it an even more interesting case to consider. In response to economic stagnation and emigration, Bhutan has broken ground on what is being described as a "mindful", eco-industrial charter city where a small town, Gelephu is now, on the Bhutan-Indian Border. This raises many issues.