This talk on water and migration themes is based on a new concept in the field of research on migration and climate change and focuses on the Sahel region in West Africa. The Sahel, a transitional zone between the Sahara desert and the savanna, has been particularly affected by desertification, which has led to unpredictable rainfall and drought. This is also an area of significant out-migration to other parts of Africa and Europe. In Mali, the EU estimates that 2.5 million people have been displaced from their homes because of climate-related insecurity. Considering the movement of Sahelian populations in search of areas with heavier rainfall or irrigation, the overall goal of this talk is to examine the interdependence existing between migration, conflict, and climate change in order to confront the challenges facing rural development in the Sahel.