In February 2023 BBC presenter Dan Walker claimed that his "helmet saved my life" after he was hit by a vehicle in Sheffield. What might have contributed to his accident?

In November 2020 F1 driver Romain Grosjean avoided serious injury despite crashing into a barrier at 137mph. According to a BBC News report, “it seems certain the halo head-protection device, introduced amid significant controversy in 2018, saved Grosjean's life. The wishbone-shaped titanium structure that wraps around the driver's head from the front of the cockpit looks to have taken the impact of the metal barriers.” F1 managing director Ross Brawn said, “There is absolutely no doubt the halo was the factor that saved the day - and saved Romain." What might have contributed to the crash happening in the first place?

In 1908 the New York Times reported the story of a Newfoundland (a large breed of dog) that had saved the life of a small child that had fallen into a river on the outskirts of Paris. People were so happy they rewarded him with a juicy steak. Then, two days later, another child fell into the river, which the dog rescued. It happened on multiple occasions. What do you think caused the children to fall into the river?

Over 1.6 million Americans are allergic to sesame, therefore in 2022 a new federal law meant that any food containing sesame had to be labelled. Several restaurant chains such as Olive Garden, Wendy’s and Chick-fil-A began adding sesame to products that didn’t have it before. Why?

Imagine that a company has a policy of awarding a bonus equal to 10% of the value of every good idea initiated. An employee thinks that this is such a good idea, he helps his boss to write a book explaining why it will prompt even more good ideas. If the company believes that the value of this book is £120,000, and that it was genuinely the result of this employee’s actions (and only this employees actions), how much should he receive as a bonus? What is the corporate marginal tax rate of good ideas in this instance?