American Nonprofit Academy. (2020, May 4). All Too Rare: A Gift Underscores a Persistent Lack of Support for Community Colleges. Retrieved from American Nonprofit Academy: https://americannonprofitacademy.com/nonprofit-news/all-too-rare-a-gift-underscores-a-persistent-lack-of-support-for-community-colleges/

Applied Educational Systems. (2019, July 31). 78 Career and Technical Education Facts for 2019. Retrieved from Applied Educational Systems: https://www.aeseducation.com/career-technical-education-facts-that-prove-its-awesome

Barham, J. A. (2019, September 13). The 100 Richest Universities: Their Generosity and Commitment to Research. Retrieved from The Best Schools: https://thebestschools.org/features/richest-universities-endowments-generosity-research/

Bielak, D., Murphy, D., & Shelton, J. (2020, January 8). "Billion Dollar Bets" to Create Economic Opportunity for Every American. Retrieved from The Bridgespan Group: https://www.bridgespan.org/insights/library/big-bets/billion-dollar-bets-to-create-economic-opportuni

California Community College Chancellor's Office. (2020, January 2). Management Information Systems Data Mart. Retrieved from California Community College Chancellor's Office: https://datamart.cccco.edu/DataMart.aspx

California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office. (2020, April 20). Management Information Systems Data Mart. Retrieved from California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office: https://datamart.cccco.edu/DataMart.aspx

Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., Melton, M., & Price, E. W. (2015). Learning while Earning: The New Noral. Retrieved from Georgetown University, Center on Education and the Workforce: https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/workinglearners/

Cause, L. R., Holtzman, T., Gault, B., Croom, D., & Polk, P. (2019, April 11). Parents in College by the Numbers. Retrieved from Institute for Women's Policy Research: https://iwpr.org/publications/parents-college-numbers/

Chen, G. (2020, June 15). The Catch-22 of Community College Graduation Rates. Retrieved from Community College Review: https://www.communitycollegereview.com/blog/the-catch-22-of-community-college-graduation-rates#:~:text=As%20shown%20in%20the%20graph,rate%20stands%20at%2028%20percent.

Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Kline, P., Saez, E., & Turner, N. (2014). Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility. American Economic Review, 141-47.

College Rank. (2020, January 5). The History of College Rankings. Retrieved from College Rank: https://www.collegerank.net/history-of-college-rankings/

Community College Research Center. (2015). The Movement Torwards Pathways. Retrieved from Community College Research Center: https://www.aacc.nche.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/TheMovementTowardPathways.pdf

Community College Research Center. (2020, June 22). Community College FAQs. Retrieved from Community College Research Center: https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/Community-College-FAQs.html

Community College Research Center. (2020, March 29). Communty College FAQs. Retrieved from CCRC Community College Research Center: https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/Community-College-FAQs.html

Dale, S., & Krueger, A. B. (2011, June). Estimating the Return to College Selectivity Over the Career Using Administrative Earnings Data. Natrional Bureau of Economic Research.

De Alva, J., & Schneider, M. S. (2015, April 6). Rich Schools, Poor Students: Tapping Large University Endowments to Improve Student Outcomes. Retrieved from AIR American Institute for Research: https://www.air.org/resource/rich-schools-poor-students-tapping-large-university-endowments-improve-student-outcomes

Dernoncourt, F. (2016, December 4). How much public funding do private universities in the United States receive, directly or indirectly? Retrieved from Academia: https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/81056/how-much-public-funding-do-private-universities-in-the-united-states-receive-di

DeVol, R. (2016, October 23). Address Income Inequality through Investing in CTE Skills Training. Retrieved from Huffington Post: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/address-income-inequality_b_12577306?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAAxHboAmAECXeMjid4xU4rg8v6PiGC8HGJgXm9Yu1bH8gaLVTL0ovaquEUD8Isdcy71NB80U5Ss000LE8-cGmSanBrrDAk7upaChZ4vEW3

Doar, R., Bowman, K., & O'Neil, E. (2016, August 8). 2016 Poverty Survey: Attitudes Toward the Poor, Poverty, and Welfare in the United States. Retrieved from American Enterprise Institute and Los Angeles Times: http://www.aei.org/publication/2016-poverty-survey/

Dynarski, S. (2018, September 28). At Elite Colleges, Racial Diversity Requires Affirmative Action. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/28/business/at-elite-colleges-racial-diversity-requires-affirmative-action.html

EAB. (2019, October 8). 60% of adults have considered returning to college, but worry about cost. Retrieved from EAB: https://eab.com/insights/daily-briefing/adult-learner/adults-have-considered-returning-to-college-but-worry-about-cost/

Education Commission of the States. (2018, June). Transfer and Articulation Statewide Common Course Numbering. Retrieved from Education Commission of the States: http://ecs.force.com/mbdata/MBquest3RTA?Rep=TR1802

Education Data. (2020, February 27). Percentage of High School Graduates That Go to College. Retrieved from Educationdata.org: https://educationdata.org/high-school-graduates-who-go-to-college/

Education Encyclopedia. (2019, December 12). Community Colleges: The History of Community Colleges, The junior college and the research university., The Community College Mission. Retrieved from Education Encyclopedia - StateUniversity.com: https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1873/Community-Colleges.html

Edwards, C. (2010, March). Public-Sector Unions. Retrieved from Cato Institute: https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/tbb_61.pdf

Falciano, V., Kuncle, R., & Gnolek, S. (2014). Modeling Change and Variation in U.S. News & WorldReport College Rankings: What would it really take to bein the Top 20? Res High Educ.

Fuschillo, A. (2018, August 14). The Troubling Student-to-Counselor Ratio That Doesn't Add Up. Retrieved from Education Week: https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2018/08/14/the-troubling-student-to-counselor-ratio-that-doesnt-add.html

Gerda Hagenauer, S. E. (2014, May 21). Teacher–student relationship at university: an important yet under-researched field. Retrieved from Oxford Review of Education: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03054985.2014.921613

Giancola, J., & Kahlenberg, R. (2016, January). True Merit: Ensuring Our Brightest Students Have Access to Our Best Colleges and Universities. Retrieved from Jack Kent Cooke Foundation: https://www.jkcf.org/research/true-merit-ensuring-our-brightest-students-have-access-to-our-best-colleges-and-universities/

Gier, N. (2018, September 2). An update on unions in higher education. Retrieved from Idaho State Journal: https://www.idahostatejournal.com/opinion/columns/an-update-on-unions-in-higher-education/article_dfbd130f-37fa-5561-9ddd-d87a267e87ac.html

Gladwell, M. (2011, February 6). The Trouble with College Rankings. Retrieved from The New Yorker: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/02/14/the-order-of-things

Glynn, J. (2019, January). Persistence: The Success of Students Who Transfer from Community Colleges to Selective Four-Year Institutions. Retrieved from Jack Kent Cooke Foundation: https://www.jkcf.org/research/persistence/

Green, K. C. (2018, July 22). The Babel Problem with Big Data in Higher Ed. Retrieved from Inside Higher Ed: https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/digital-tweed/babel-problem-big-data-higher-ed-1

Gregor Aisch, L. B. (2017, January 18). Some Colleges Have More Students From the Top 1 Percent Than the Bottom 60. Find Yours. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/18/upshot/some-colleges-have-more-students-from-the-top-1-percent-than-the-bottom-60.html

Helhoski, A. (2018, October 16). 2018 FAFSA Study: Students Missed Out on $2.6 Billion in Free College Money. Retrieved from Nerdwallet: https://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/2018-fafsa-study/

Hoxby, C. M., & Avery, C. (2012, December). The Missing "One-Offs": The Hidden Supply of High-Achieving, Low Income Students. Retrieved from The National Bureau of Economic Research: https://www.nber.org/papers/w18586

Hurwitz, M. (2011). The impact of legacy status on undergraduate admissions at elite colleges and universities. Economics of Education Review, 480-492. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272775710001676?via%3Dihub

Jack, A. A. (2019). The Priveleged Poor: How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Jaschik, S. (2018, September 24). The 2018 Surveys of Admissions Leaders: The Pressure Grows. Retrieved from Inside Higher Ed: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/survey/2018-surveys-admissions-leaders-pressure-grows

Kahlenberg, R. D. (2015, May 28). How Higher Education Funding Shortchanges Community Colleges. Retrieved from The Century Foundation: https://tcf.org/content/report/how-higher-education-funding-shortchanges-community-colleges/?agreed=1

Kelly, R. (2017, December 12). Survey: 94% of Students Want to Use Their Cell Phones in Class. Retrieved from Campus Technology: https://campustechnology.com/articles/2017/12/12/students-want-to-use-their-cell-phones-in-class.aspx

Lawrence, S. (2009). Social Justice Grantmaking II. New York City: The Roundtion Center.

Levine, E. (2019, November 7). Are Colleges and Universities Meeting the Online Learning Challenge? Retrieved from EdTech: Focus on Higher Education: https://edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2019/11/are-colleges-and-universities-meeting-online-learning-challenge

Mayer, A., Kalamkarian, H. S., Cohen, B., Pellegrino, L., Boynton, M., & Yang, E. (2019). Integrating Technology and Advising: Studying Enhancement to Colleges' iPASS Practices. New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University.

Moore, J. C. (2019). A Brief History of Universities. Switzerland: Springer Nature.

National Center for Education Statistics. (2019, December 12). Fast Facts. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics: https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=66

National Center for Education Statistics. (2019, December 19). Fast Facts. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics: https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=75

Nelson, C. (2010, December 21). Defining Academic Freedom. Retrieved from Inside Higher Ed: https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2010/12/21/defining-academic-freedom

Paterson, J. (2019, February 5). Elite colleges a better bet for low-income minority students, ranking finds. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.educationdive.com/news/elite-colleges-a-better-bet-for-low-income-minority-students-ranking-finds/547681/

Pechan, C. (2019, December 12). Looking Back and Moving Forward – Philanthropy in the 2010s. Retrieved from Fluxx Blog: https://blog.fluxx.io/looking-back-and-moving-forward-philanthropy-in-the-2010s

Robert Morse. (11, January 27). Students Say Rankings Aren't Most Important Factor in College Decision. Retrieved from U.S. News and World Report: https://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/college-rankings-blog/2011/01/27/students-say-rankings-arent-most-important-factor-in-college-decision

Robert Morse, E. B. (2019, September 8). How U.S. News Calculated the 2020 Best Colleges Rankings. Retrieved from U.S. News and World Report: https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/how-us-news-calculated-the-rankings

Sara Goldrick-Rab, C. B.-S. (2019). College and University Basic Needs Insecurity: A National #RealCollege Survey Report. Philadelphia, PA: The Hope Center, Temple University.

Schmidt, P. (2010). A History of Legacy Preferences and Privilege. In R. D. Kahlenberg, Affirmative Action for the Rich: Legacy Preferences in College Admissions (p. 59). New York: The Century Press.

Schmidt, P. (2015, April 15). Unionization Pays Off for Community-College Instructors. Retrieved from Chronicle of Higher Education: https://www.chronicle.com/article/Unionization-Pays-Off-for/229353

Shema, H. (2014, April 19). The Birth of Modern Peer Review. Retrieved from Scientific American: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/information-culture/the-birth-of-modern-peer-review/ 

Signe-Mary McKernan, C. R. (2017, October 5). Nine Charts about Wealth Inequality in America (Updated). Retrieved from Urban Institute: http://apps.urban.org/features/wealth-inequality-charts/

Smith, A. A. (2015, June 8). 2 + 2 Shouldn't = 5. Retrieved from Inside Higher Ed: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/06/08/two-year-transfers-are-finding-not-all-their-credits-go-them

Stauffer, A. (2019, October 15). Two Decades of Change in Federal and State Higher Education Funding: Recent Trends across Levels of Government. Retrieved from The Pew Charitable Trusts: https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2019/10/two-decades-of-change-in-federal-and-state-higher-education-funding

Stevens, A. H., Kurlaender, M., & Grosz, M. (2018). Career Technical Education and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence From California Community Colleges. The Journal of Human Resources, 2.

TED: The Economic Daily. (2017, May 22). 69.7 percent of 2016 high school graduates enrolled in college in October 2016. Retrieved from TED: The Economic Daily: https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2017/69-point-7-percent-of-2016-high-school-graduates-enrolled-in-college-in-october-2016.htm

The Center for Community College Leadership. (2018, April). Money Left on the Table: An Analysis of Pell Grant Receipt Among Financially-Eligible Community College Students in California. Retrieved from The Center for Community College Leadership: https://education.ucdavis.edu/sites/main/files/ucdavis_wheelhouse_research_brief_vol3no3_online_1.pdf

The Century Foundation. (2019, April 25). Recommendations for Providing Community Colleges with the Resources They Need. Retrieved from The Century Foundation: https://tcf.org/content/report/recommendations-providing-community-colleges-resources-need/?agreed=1

The New York Times. (2017). Economic Diversity and Student Outcomes at America’s Colleges and Universities: Find Your College. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/college-mobility/

The New York Times. (2017). Economic Diversity and Student Outcomes at America’s Colleges and Universities: Find Your College. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/college-mobility/

The Postsecondary National Policy Institute. (2018, 9 November). Fact Sheets: Verterans in Higher Education. Retrieved from The Postsecondary National Policy Institute: https://pnpi.org/veterans-in-higher-education/

U.S. News and World Report. (2019, December 20). U.S. Best Colleges. Retrieved from U.S. News and World Report: https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges

U.S. News and World Report. (2020, January 6). Top Performers on Social Mobility: National. Retrieved from U.S. News and World Report: https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities/social-mobility

Vedder, R. (2018, April 8). There Are Really Almost No Truly Private Universities. Retrieved from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardvedder/2018/04/08/there-are-really-almost-no-truly-private-universities/#35c1acca57bc

Wachter, M. L. (2007, July 19). The Rise and Decline of Unions. Retrieved from SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1001458

Wermund, B. (17, September 10). How U.S. News college rankings promote economic inequality on campus. Retrieved from Politico: https://www.politico.com/interactives/2017/top-college-rankings-list-2017-us-news-investigation/

White, B. P. (2016, April 19). Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from Beyond a Deficit View: https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2016/04/19/importance-viewing-minority-low-income-and-first-generation-students-assets-essay

Woetzel, J. B. (2019, January). Navigating a World of Disruption. Retrieved from McKinsey and Company: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/innovation-and-growth/navigating-a-world-of-disruption

Ziegler, A. (2010, June 28 28). Smart Phones Beating out Computers. Retrieved from The Daily Nebraskan: http://www.dailynebraskan.com/smart-phones-beating-out-computers/article_ae5025a2-cd67-5b58-a0a5-6a06a1660b0f.html