3. Why can terms like "Earth-like" and "habitable" be misleading? (Although maybe not be for long, thank you JWST :) )
Both options #1 and #2
(#1 - The most we can conclude about "Earth-like" planets, without understanding their atmospheres, is that they are "Earth-sized" planets.
#2 - The habitability for an individual planet depends heavily on the atmospheric composition and a wide variety of factors specific to that planet)