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Lab Sim 09: DC Circuits
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1.
Notice that the Sim shows positive charge moving to indicate current. Really?
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Yes. Protons are literally pouring out of the (+) terminal and marching toward the (–).
No! The charges in motion are electrons, which are (–). However, the sign convention for current is defined (for historic reasons) by positive charge.
2.
Swap the wire segment and the ammeter, so that the meter is on top, and the wire is on bottom. Does the ammeter reading change? Yes or no?
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Yes
No
3. What is the current when 𝑉 = 3V?
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𝐼 = 0.1A
𝐼 = 0.2A
𝐼 = 0.3A
𝐼 = 0.4A
𝐼 = 0.5A
𝐼 = 0.6A
4. What is the current when 𝑉 = 6V?
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𝐼 = 0.2A
𝐼 = 0.4A
𝐼 = 0.6A
𝐼 = 0.8A
𝐼 = 1.0A
𝐼 = 1.2A
5. What is the current when 𝑉 = 12V?
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𝐼 = 0.2A
𝐼 = 0.4A
𝐼 = 0.6A
𝐼 = 0.8A
𝐼 = 1.0A
𝐼 = 1.2A
6. Calculate the ratio 𝑅 = 𝑉/𝐼 for each trial. Notice anything?
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Yes. The ratio is constant.
Yes. The ratio increases as voltage increases.
Yes. The ratio decreases as the voltage increases.
7. Now adjust the voltage so that 𝑉 = 10V. Compare the current drawn when 𝑅 = 10Ω to 𝑅 = 20Ω.
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Double the resistance results in twice as much current.
Double the resistance results in ½ as much current.
As long as the voltage remains constant, the current is unaffected!
8. Make sure the voltage is still 𝑉 = 10V. What is the current through this circuit?
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𝐼 = 0A
𝐼 = 0.5A
𝐼 = 1.0A
𝐼 = 5.0A
𝐼 = 10A
𝐼 = 50A
9. Apply Ohm’s Law to the circuit: 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅, where 𝑉 is the battery voltage, and 𝐼 is the ammeter reading. What is your calculated value for the resistance 𝑅?
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𝑅 = 0.1Ω
𝑅 = 0.2Ω
𝑅 = 1Ω
𝑅 = 2Ω
𝑅 = 10Ω
𝑅 = 20Ω
10. In a series circuit, the equivalent, or total, resistance is defined as the sum of all the resistors. In this case, 𝑅 = 𝑅₁ + 𝑅₂. What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit you just built?
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𝑅 = 0.1Ω
𝑅 = 0.2Ω
𝑅 = 1Ω
𝑅 = 2Ω
𝑅 = 10Ω
𝑅 = 20Ω
11. True or false: Two resistors in series will draw the same amount of current as a single resistor having 𝑅 = 𝑅₁ + 𝑅₂.
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True
False
12.
True or false: Three resistors in series will draw more current than two resistors in series.
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True
False
13.
True or false: If you remove one resistor from a series circuit (click to remove!), the other one keeps working, and still draws current.
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True
False
14.
Click on one of the resistors (either one) to remove it from the circuit. What happens?
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Current flow through that branch stops, but the current through the second resistor is uninterrupted.
The entire circuit is broken. Current cannot flow through either resistor if one is removed.
15. What is the total current 𝐼?
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𝐼 = 0.25A
𝐼 = 0.50A
𝐼 = 0.75A
𝐼 = 1.0A
𝐼 = 1.25A
𝐼 = 1.50A
16. What is the voltage 𝑉₁ across Resistor 1?
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𝑉₁ = 0.25V
𝑉₁ = 0.50V
𝑉₁ = 2.5V
𝑉₁ = 5.0V
𝑉₁ = 7.5V
𝑉₁ = 10V
17. What is the current 𝐼₁ through Resistor 1?
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𝐼₁ = 0.25A
𝐼₁ = 0.50A
𝐼₁ = 0.75A
𝐼₁ = 1.0A
𝐼₁ = 1.25A
𝐼₁ = 1.50A
18. What is the voltage 𝑉₂ across Resistor 2?
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𝑉₂ = 0.25V
𝑉₂ = 0.50V
𝑉₂ = 2.5V
𝑉₂ = 5.0V
𝑉₂ = 7.5V
𝑉₂ = 10V
19. What is the current 𝐼₂ through Resistor 2?
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𝐼₂ = 0.25A
𝐼₂ = 0.50A
𝐼₂ = 0.75A
𝐼₂ = 1.0A
𝐼₂ = 1.25A
𝐼₂ = 1.50A
20. Use Ohm’s Law (𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅) to calculate the equivalent resistance in this circuit, where 𝑉 is the
battery voltage
and 𝐼 is the
total current
. The equivalent resistance 𝑅 is
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𝑅 = 1.5Ω
𝑅 = 6.67Ω
𝑅 = 8.5Ω
𝑅 = 10Ω
𝑅 = 15Ω
𝑅 = 30Ω
21. So, now that you have verified your equivalent resistance 𝑅, can you explain it?
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What is there to explain? Exactly like a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of all the resistors.
When you add devices in parallel, every device loses some of its resistance. Each device only has 22% of its original resistance.
When the branches are independent, more current flows through the circuit. The true resistance of each device stays the same.
22. Calculate the power of each bulb using 𝑃 = 𝐼𝑉. The same current flows through each, but note the difference in voltage. The bulb with the highest power is the brightest. Which bulb is brighter, the 10Ω bulb or the 20Ω bulb? (The ‘glow’ doesn’t help you here!)
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10Ω bulb
20Ω bulb
23. Calculate the power of each bulb using 𝑃 = 𝐼𝑉. The power is
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𝑃₁ = 1W and 𝑃₂ = 0.5W
𝑃₁ = 10W and 𝑃₂ = 5W
𝑃₁ = 15W and 𝑃₂ = 30W
𝑃₁ = 100W and 𝑃₂ = 200W
24.
True or false: The brightest bulb in series is also the brightest bulb in parallel.
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True
False
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