AP World History Unit 1 Exam
The Global Tapestry
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(Source): “Scholars have been mesmerized by the huge extent of the present distribution of Bantu languages and could think of only a single process, an equally huge human migration, ‘the Bantu expansion,’ to explain it.... [This] scenario is fatally flawed, however, for two reasons. First it fell prey to the illusion that only a migration could fit the evidence.... [But] a language can spread without involving the migration of any communities. 

The second fatal error was to collapse a history which encompassed the developments of one to several millennia into a single migration event. The evidence shows that many different dispersals of single languages succeeded each other at different times, not continuously.” 

(Source Information): Jan Vansina, historian, “New Linguistic Evidence and ‘the Bantu Expansion,’” scholarly article, 1995. 

(Question): In addition to languages, the peoples discussed in the passage are credited with the diffusion of which of the following in sub-Saharan Africa?
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1 point
First and Last Name *
(Source): “One of the things that struck me most in Peru was its great, splendid highways, and I wondered how many men it must have required to build them and what tools and instruments were used to level the mountains and cut through the rock to make them as broad and good as they are. 

It seems to me that if the king of Spain wanted to build a highway from Quito to Cuzco, I do not think that he could do it even with all of his power unless he followed the method that the Inca employed. When an Inca king decided to build one of these highways, all he needed to do was give the command. Then, the inspectors would go through the provinces, laying out the highway’s route and assigning Indians to help build the road. 

In this way, the road was built in a short time from one boundary of the kingdom to the other. The Inca rulers built many of these roads and were so full of pride that when one ruler died, his heir would build his road larger and broader if he intended to set out on a conquest.” 

(Source Information): Pedro Cieza de León, Spanish soldier and historian, Chronicles of Peru, 1553. 

(Question): Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author most directly use to support his argument about the king of Spain following the Inca method of highway construction?
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1 point
As Islam spread between 1200 and 1600, it affected gender relations in which of the following ways? *
1 point
(Source Information): THE CONSTELLATION HERCULES, NAMED AFTER AN ANCIENT GREEK MYTHICAL HERO. PAGE FROM A 1430 COPY OF THE BOOK OF FIXED STARS, AN ASTRONOMY BOOK WRITTEN BY A TENTH-CENTURY MUSLIM SCIENTIST. 

(Source Context): This copy of The Book of Fixed Stars was made for the ruler of the Timurid dynasty, a Turkic state that controlled much of Central Asia during the fifteenth century. The dots scattered across the figure indicate individual stars and the symbols next to the dots indicate the stars’ relative brightness, as observed by Muslim astronomers. 

(Question): Muslim scholars’ incorporation of cultural and intellectual influences from pre-Islamic societies can best be used as evidence that…?
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1 point
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(Source): “Let the blessings of Allah be upon Muhammad and his companions universally. 

In the year 1640 C.E. I wanted to behold the mystics of every sect, to hear the lofty expressions of monotheism, and to cast my eyes upon many books of mysticism. I, therefore, examined the Book of Moses, the Gospels, and the Psalms. 

Among the Hindus, the best of their heavenly books, which contain all the secrets of pure monotheism, are called the Upanishads. Because I do not know Sanskrit, I wanted to make an exact and literal translation of the Upanishads into Persian*. For the Upanishads are a treasure of monotheism and there are few thoroughly conversant with them even among the Indians. 

Thereby I also wanted to make the texts accessible to Muslims. I assembled Hindu scholars and ascetics to help with the translation. Every sublime topic that I had desired or thought and had looked for and not found, I obtained from these most ancient books, the source and the fountainhead of the ocean of religious unity, in conformity with the holy Qur’an.” 

(*)Persian was the primary language used at the Mughal court. 

(Source Information): Dara Shikoh, son of the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan, account of the translation of the Upanishads into Persian, 1657 C.E.18. 

(Question): Based on the passage, which of the following most strongly influenced Dara Shikoh’s religious views?
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1 point
(SAQ Instructions) -Use the passage to answer all parts of the question that follows.  USING THE INTERNET OR ANY SOURCES OUTSIDE OF YOUR OWN KNOWLEDGE WILL INVALIDATE YOUR ENTIRE SCORE, RESULTING IN A ZERO.

Be sure to label the parts of the question you are answering (a, b, c) POINTS WILL BE DEDUCTED IF YOU DO NOT DO SO. Don't forget to "ACE" the question-that is Answer what is being asked of you by making sure you understand the task, and rephrase the question in your response. Cite historical evidence, this may not be in the passage. Cite historical evidence that you have learned in lessons, readings etc. Don't forget to use specific historical vocabulary when citing evidence. Last, Explain. Explain how your historical evidence is connected to your answer.



(Source) “In the past, none failed to hear Confucius’ teachings, but few understood them. Thereafter came the vulgar Confucian scholarship of later times, which stressed memorization and literary composition, but was of no real use. 

Then came the deviant doctrines of Buddhism and Daoism, which had loftier goals but lacked solid substance. These teachings were mixed together in great confusion, so that rulers could no longer hear the essential teachings of Confucius, and lesser men could no longer enjoy the benefits of good government. Everything decayed until disorder and destruction reached its extreme in the Five Dynasties period*.

 Yet Heaven’s cycle continues. The virtuous power of the Song dynasty rose up, and both government and education shone with great luster. With that, the method whereby the ancients taught men was once again made brilliantly clear to the world.” 


(*): an era of political chaos in China during the tenth century. 

(Source Information and Context):  Zhu Xi, Chinese scholar and philosopher, preface to a commentary on The Great Learning, written in 1190. (The Great Learning was a text of Confucian teachings that became a foundational text of examination for the Chinese civil service.) 



(Questions): 

A: Identify ONE claim made in the passage.  


B: Identify ONE way in which the ideas expressed in the passage illustrate the social or political development of China under the Song dynasty.
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10 points
(Source Information): Map of Tenochtitlán, capital of the Aztec empire, from the published account of the Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés, 1524. 

(Source Context): The square areas in the center show plazas, temples, pyramids, places to display sacrificial victims, and an area to house exotic animals sent by subject states. Historians estimate that the population of Tenochtitlan was at least 100,000. 

(Question): In the pre-Columbian Americas, urban development of the scale shown in the image was primarily facilitated by which of the following?
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1 point
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Which of the following best explains the changes in China’s population shown in the table? *
1 point
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Abbasid reliance on Persian bureaucrats and the introduction of Confucianism to Japanese political institutions both illustrate which of the following processes? *
1 point
Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both…? *
1 point
(Source Information): THE CONSTELLATION HERCULES, NAMED AFTER AN ANCIENT GREEK MYTHICAL HERO. PAGE FROM A 1430 COPY OF THE BOOK OF FIXED STARS, AN ASTRONOMY BOOK WRITTEN BY A TENTH-CENTURY MUSLIM SCIENTIST. 

(Source Context): This copy of The Book of Fixed Stars was made for the ruler of the Timurid dynasty, a Turkic state that controlled much of Central Asia during the fifteenth century. The dots scattered across the figure indicate individual stars and the symbols next to the dots indicate the stars’ relative brightness, as observed by Muslim astronomers. 

(Question): The sponsoring of scholarship by Turkic dynasties, such as the Timurids, best shows that, in the period circa 1200–1450, scholarly activities in the Muslim world continued despite the…?
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1 point
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(Source Information): MARIA, COUNTESS OF BÉARN,* ACCOMPANIED BY SEVEN OF HER MALE COURTIERS, SWEARS HOMAGE TO HER OVERLORD, KING ALFONSO II OF ARAGON, ILLUSTRATION IN A MANUSCRIPT PRODUCED FOR THE ROYAL COURT OF ARAGON CIRCA 1175 C.E. (*)The lordship of Béarn was located in present-day southwestern France. (Question): The image most directly illustrates which of the following features of the political development of medieval Europe? *
1 point
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All of the following were part of the Confucian social order EXCEPT…? *
1 point
Which of the following factors best explains the distribution of Muslim populations shown on the map above? *
1 point
Captionless Image
(Source Information): THE CONSTELLATION HERCULES, NAMED AFTER AN ANCIENT GREEK MYTHICAL HERO. PAGE FROM A 1430 COPY OF THE BOOK OF FIXED STARS, AN ASTRONOMY BOOK WRITTEN BY A TENTH-CENTURY MUSLIM SCIENTIST. 

(Source Context): This copy of The Book of Fixed Stars was made for the ruler of the Timurid dynasty, a Turkic state that controlled much of Central Asia during the fifteenth century. The dots scattered across the figure indicate individual stars and the symbols next to the dots indicate the stars’ relative brightness, as observed by Muslim astronomers. 

(Question): Muslim scientists in the period before 1450 c.e. generally participated in intellectual and scholarly exchanges with neighboring cultures by…?
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1 point
Captionless Image
The Crusades launched by European Christians at the end of the eleventh century were motivated primarily by…? *
1 point
(Source): “At that time, there happened great disturbances among the lower ranks of people, by which England was nearly ruined. Never was a country in such jeopardy, and all because some commoners sought to claim liberties to which they were not entitled.

 It is customary in England, as in other countries, for the nobility to have great privileges over the commoners, who are bound by law and custom to plow the lands of nobles, to harvest the grain, to carry it home to the barn, and to perform various other services for their lords. 

The evil-disposed in these districts began to rise, saying they were too severely oppressed; that at the beginning of the world there were no unfree people, and that no one ought to be treated as such, unless he had committed treason against his lord, as Lucifer had done against God: but they had done no such thing, for they were men formed after the same likeness as their lords, who treated them like beasts. They could no longer bear this, but had determined to be free. 

And if they were to do any work for their lords, they demanded to be paid for it.”

 (Source Information): Jean Froissart, French chronicler, late 1300s. 

(Question): The events described in the passage represent a reaction against which of the following forms of coerced labor?
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1 point
From the founding of each religion, Christians and Muslims shared a belief in…? *
1 point
(Source): “Scholars have been mesmerized by the huge extent of the present distribution of Bantu languages and could think of only a single process, an equally huge human migration, ‘the Bantu expansion,’ to explain it.... [This] scenario is fatally flawed, however, for two reasons. First it fell prey to the illusion that only a migration could fit the evidence.... [But] a language can spread without involving the migration of any communities. 

The second fatal error was to collapse a history which encompassed the developments of one to several millennia into a single migration event. The evidence shows that many different dispersals of single languages succeeded each other at different times, not continuously.”

 (Source Information): Jan Vansina, historian, “New Linguistic Evidence and ‘the Bantu Expansion,’” scholarly article, 1995. 

(Question): All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author’s argument in the passage?
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1 point
The ninth-century monument pictured below, located on the island of Java in present-day Indonesia, best exemplifies which of the following historical processes? *
1 point
Captionless Image
In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., states in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam had which of the following in common? *
1 point
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