Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Person-to-person transmission occurs when an individual inhales airborne bacteria expelled by the coughing of a person who is sick with active pulmonary tuberculosis disease. When an individual inhales airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, the bacteria initially multiply, but most people with a healthy immune system are able to contain the initial infection by walling off the bacteria in granulomas. People who have effectively contained the initial infection have LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION (LTBI). People with LTBI are not sick from TB (no TB symptoms), are not contagious to others, and usually have a normal chest X-ray. Typical symptoms of active tuberculosis disease are cough, fevers, night sweats, and fatigue. People with active tuberculosis disease are considered sick (about 10% die), and can be infectious to other people. Because TB is spread through the air, the healthcare system and healthcare personnel have responsibilities for preventing transmission of the bacteria. For you, this means knowing whether you have LTBI, and if you have LTBI, taking a course of preventive antibiotics to help ensure that you do not become sick with active tuberculosis disease and you do not transmit TB to other people.
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