c05 AP Bio Practice Quiz

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1. Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this most probably mean? *

1 point

Proton gradients across a membrane were used by cells that were the common ancestor of all three domains of life.

The high concentration of protons in the ancient atmosphere must have necessitated a pump mechanism.

Proton pumps are necessary to all cell membranes.

Cells of each domain evolved proton pumps independently when oceans became more acidic.

Proton pumps must have evolved before any living organisms were present on Earth.

2. Testosterone functions inside a cell by *

1 point

acting as a steroid signal receptor that activates ion channel proteins.

acting as a signal receptor that activates tyrosine kinases.

coordinating a phosphorylation cascade that increases spermatogenesis.

binding with a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates specific genes.

becoming a second messenger that inhibits nitric oxide.

3. Ions diffuse across membranes through specific ion channels *

1 point

down the electrical gradients.

down the osmotic potential gradients.

down their chemical gradients.

down their concentration gradients.

down their electrochemical gradients.

4. A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water–equal to the volume of blood lost–is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? *

1 point

It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.

The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.

The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.

The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells.

The patient's red blood cells will burst because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells.

5. Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells? *

1 point

The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution.

The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.

The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.

The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.

The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.

6. Relaying a message from a receptor protein to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called _?_. *

1 point

signal transduction

inhibition

self-recognition

competition

selective permeability

7. At puberty, an adolescent female body changes in both structure and function of several organ systems, primarily under the influence of changing concentrations of estrogens and other steroid hormones. How can one hormone, such as estrogen, mediate so many effects? *

1 point

The subcomponents of estrogen, when metabolized, can influence cell response.

Estrogen has specific receptors inside several cell types, but each cell responds in the same way to its binding.

Estrogen is produced in very large concentration and therefore diffuses widely.

Estrogen binds to specific receptors inside many kinds of cells, each of which have different responses to its binding.

Estrogen is kept away from the surface of any cells not able to bind it at the surface.

8. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane? *

1 point

It is a peripheral membrane protein.

It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule.

It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function.

It has few, if any, hydrophobic amino acids.

It works against diffusion.

9. Which of the following is most like a signal transduction pathway in a cell? *

1 point

a person mixing together water, milk, and cake mix to make a cake

a physician removing a thorn from a person's foot

catching fish using a fishing pole

a person answering the door to their home after someone rings the doorbell

a person parking a car in a parking space

10. The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals *

1 point

enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.

enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.

makes the animal more susceptible to circulatory disorders.

enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.

makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell.

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