Unit 8 Practice
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In ______________, the farmer uses a disk or chisel plow to prepare the field for seeding. Rather than turning the field, these plows create a narrow furrow, just large enough for the crop's seeds to be injected. Tractor attachments inject a band of fertilizer in with the seeds, thus negating the need to fertilize the whole field, and close up the furrow after the seed and fertilizer have been planted. With these new plows, the farm field can be seeded with minimal disturbance of the soil. *
1 point
Extremely ______________ soils with soil pH running above 7.5 and extremely acidic soils with soil pH below 5.0 tend to stunt plant growth because plants can’t take up nutrients effectively within these ranges. Highly acidic environments leach off plant nutrients while highly __________ soil locks up nutrients in the soil. *
1 point
_______________ is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties. Pesticides are used only after monitoring indicates they are needed according to established guidelines, and treatments are made with the goal of removing only the target organism. *
1 point
In wealthier societies, _____________ is often the result of poor eating habits. Any diet that fails to provide the nutrients needed for health and growth can lead to _______________. *
1 point
_____________ exposure refers to a single exposure (not lasting longer than a day) to a substance(s) that causes severe harm, or even death. This type of exposure differs from chronic exposure, which occurs over a long period of time, and negative health effects are cumulative. *
1 point
______________ is the intentional integration of trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems to create environmental, economic, and social benefits. It has been practiced in the United States and around the world for centuries. *
1 point
____________ can be produced naturally or through a process called composting. When people compost, they collect decaying organic material, such as food and garden scraps, that will be turned into soil. *
1 point
A combination of fish and plant production using aquaculture and hydroponics systems, ______________ is moving from the realm of experimental to commercial. Learn more about this production system and if it might be right for your backyard garden or farming operation. *
1 point
The beginnings of the ___________ are often attributed to Norman Borlaug, an American scientist interested in agriculture. In the 1940s, he began conducting research in Mexico and developed new disease resistance high-yield varieties of wheat. *
1 point
Acute toxicity is measured as the amount or concentration of a toxicant— the a.i.—required to kill 50 percent of the animals in a test population. This measure is usually expressed as _________. *
1 point
Air pollution from ___________ can come through numerous methods. Some can cause bad odors, but others emit several dangerous gases as manure and biological materials break down in the absence of oxygen such as in the bottom of a manure pit.  Methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide are some of the gases. *
1 point
The look and feel of a soil is referred to as ____________ and is determined by the size and type of particles that make up the soil (including the organic but mostly referring to the inorganic material). *
1 point
Organic fertilizers contain only plant- or animal-based materials that are either a byproduct or end product of naturally occurring processes, such as manures, leaves, and compost. _____________, also referred to as synthetic fertilizer, is manufactured artificially and contains minerals or synthetic chemicals. *
1 point
The __________ fluctuates both with the seasons and from year to year because it is affected by climatic variations and by the amount of precipitation used by vegetation. It also is affected by withdrawing excessive amounts of water from wells or by recharging them artificially. *
1 point
___________ is a mode of agriculture in which a plot of land produces only enough food to feed the family or small community working it. All produce grown is intended for consumption purposes as opposed to market sale or trade. *
1 point
______________ includes unique machine that transports water in circular patterns in order to cover up all the field area. *
1 point
In agriculture, ___________ refers to the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. *
1 point
__________ means that a person or household may have food today, but does not know if there will be food tomorrow or enough food for everyone in the household. *
1 point
_____________ occurs when there is too much water in the plant’s root zone, which results in the roots not being able to access enough oxygen for respiration. *
1 point
Every gardener quickly learns that good soil is vital for a healthy, productive garden. Good soil means it has nutrients to feed the plants and a texture that holds water long enough for plant roots to access it, but well-draining enough that the roots are not sitting in water. The best soil texture for growing plants is what we call _______. *
1 point
___________ is the farming of aquatic plants and animals in salt water. Thus, it represents a subset of the larger field of aquaculture, which involves the farming of both fresh-water and marine organisms. The major categories include species are seaweeds, mollusks, crustaceans, and finfish. *
1 point
Soils can be thought of as storehouses for plant nutrients. Many nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, may be supplied to plants solely from reserves held in the soil. Others like potassium are added regularly to soils as fertilizer for the purpose of being withdrawn as needed by crops. The relative ability of soils to store one particular group of nutrients is referred to as ______________. *
1 point
______________ is the practice of planting crops in between row crops to maximize land use, and also to offer competition to weeds that might otherwise usurp excess water and nutrients. *
1 point
For years, farmers and agribusinesses have talked about being on the ____________: A few years after a pesticide is introduced, insects develop resistance to it. So another chemical is used--until the bugs overwhelm that one. *
1 point
____________ is the upper, outermost layer of soil, usually the top 2 inches (5.1 cm) to 8 inches (20 cm). It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs. *
1 point
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