Directions : Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow (QNo. 1 to 8)                                                                                                              (1) Freedom is one of the most important factors in life. Man has fought politically all over the world for freedom. Religions have promised freedom, not in this world but in another. In the capitalist countries, individual freedom exists to some degree, and in the communist world it has been denied. From ancient times, freedoin has meant a great deal to man, and there have been its opponents, not only political but religious through Inquisition by excommunication, toitures and banislunents, and the total denial of man's search for freedom. There have been wars and counter-wais fought for freedom. This has been the pattern of man's endeavours for freedom thoughout history. (2) Freedom of self-expression and freedom of speech and thought exist in some parts of the world, but in others it does not. Those who hiave been conditioned, revolt against their backgrounds. This reaction which takes different fouins is called "freedom'. The reaction to politics is often to shun the field of politics. (3) One economic reaction is to form small comunities based on some ideology or under the leadership of one person, but these soon disintegrate. The religious reaction against established organisations of belief is to revolt, either by joining other religious organisations or by following some guru or leader or by joining some cult. Or one denies the whole religious endeavour. (4) One thinks of freedom only as freedom of inovement, either physical or movements of thought. It appears that one always seeks freedom on the surface. Surely, this is rather a limited freedom, involving a great deal of conflict, wars and violence. (5) Inner freedom is something entirely different. It has its roots not in the idea of freedom but in the reality of freedoin. It covers all the endeavours of man. Without inner freedom life will always be an activity within the limited circle of time and conflict.

Directions : Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow (QNo. 9 to 15)                                                                                                                (1) Water is the core of life; hence water must be central to our spiritual thinking. Water is not only most of eaith, but also most of life. Therefore water conservation must be our deepest concern.  (2) The Himalayan mountain range is among the highest, youngest and most fragile ecosystem of the planet. The Himalayas have given us some of the great river systems of the earth including the Indus, Ganga, Bralunaputra, Nu Salween, Yangtz and the Mekong. The Himalayas are also called the “Third Pole', for they contain the largest mass of ice and snow outside the earth's polar region, the noith and south poles. There is a permanent snowline above 5,000 metres. Some of the glaciers in the region are the longest outside the two poles. (3) The Himalayas seive as water towers, providing water on a sustained basis to more than 1,000 million people and millions of hectares of land in South Asia. The greenery, benevolent climate, highly productive ecosystems, food production and overall happiness in South Asia are in fact, attributable to the bounty of the Himalayas. They are not only beautiful; they are life-givers. Little wonder that they are venerated as the abode of gods. (4) To keep the Third Pole preserved through assured conservation is one of the greatest challenges for the contemporary world. Himalayan mountains are a common but fragile natural resource. As mountain ecosystems have enormous bearing on the earth's systems, their special care, regeneration and conservation of their pristine resources would only bring more happiness, peace and prosperity to large parts of the world. In Agenda 21, Chapter 13 of the United Nations, the importance of mountains is underlined : "mountain environments are essential to the survival of global ecosystems."  (5) The Himalayas in the state of Uttarakhand are especially rich in water resources. This area is home to dozns of perennial streams and numerous other rain-fed rivers along with immumerable rivulets, waterfalls and ponds, etc.