#150 Mauget Boring Insects

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PSHB is an invasive pest that was introduced into California. Why do they call it the Polyphagous shot hole borer?

1 point

a. It mates with a lot of other insects

b. It feeds on many different host species

c. It specializes on avocado trees

d. It has a polygon for a pattern on its wings

Clear selection

The name polyphagous shot hole borer and invasive shot hole borer are sometimes confused. Why are there so many names associated with this pest?

1 point

a. It’s like American accents, different regions call them different things

b. It’s a species complex; several different species are associated with the damage

c. One eats a lot and the other invades a lot

d. It has a polygon for a pattern on its wings

Clear selection

Invasive shot hole borers all belong to the same family and subfamily of insects. What group do they belong to?

1 point

a. Curculionidae: Curculioninae

b. Scolytidae: Scolytinae

C. Curculionidae: Scolytinae

d. Hominidae: Homininae

Clear selection

Andy loves insects because of their vast diversity in body plans and different environments that they exploit. There are approximately 5,400 named of mammal species on this planet. How many species of insects are there?

1 point

a. 5,400

b. 10,000

C. 100,000

d. 1,000,000

Clear selection

Insects are constantly being reclassified and regrouped based on more recent DNA techniques. The four biggest orders of insects include the beetles, moths/butterflies, bees/ants/wasps, and flies. Approximately how many orders of insects are there?

1 point

a. About the same as mammals, 26 orders

b. must be at least 1,000 orders

c. The “price is right” approach, 1 order

d. 10 orders

Clear selection

Fungi are different than Animals because of what characteristics?

1 point

a. Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin

b. are multicellular

C. heterotrophic

d. photosynthesize

Clear selection

Fungi are different than Plants because of what characteristic?

1 point

a. One has a cell wall, the other doesn’t

b. are multicellular

C. heterotrophic

d. Eukaryotic

Clear selection

What does symbiosis mean?

1 point

a. A long-term biological interaction between two of the same organisms that is mutually beneficial.

b. A long-term biological interaction between two different organisms that is beneficial for at least one of the organisms.

c. Who knows, I stopped paying attention a long time ago.

d. A long-term biological interaction between two different organisms that is mutually beneficial for both organisms.

Clear selection

Invasive pests like ISHB are easy to get rid of because they are not used to our local environment and can’t survive the winters.

1 point

True: but they continue to be a problem because human movement keeps reintroducing them.

False: Invasive pests are difficult to get rid of because they lack the natural biocontrol that is in their native habitats

Clear selection

Invasive shot hole borers can kill mature trees if left unchecked. What is the approximate size of ISHB?

1 point

a. As big as a spotted lanternfly – about 2.5 cm or 1 inch

b. As big as an emerald ash borer – about 10 mm or 0.5 inches

C. The size of the world’s largest beetle – 177 mm or 7 inches

d. About the size of the tip of a ball point pen – 1.5 mm or 0.06 inches

Clear selection

A symbiotic relationship exists between the shot hole borer and fungi. This means that the insect utilizes the fungi without a benefit to the fungus.

1 point

True: only the ambrosia beetle benefits which has evolved to manipulate their food source

False: Both the ambrosia beetles and the fungi benefit in this relationship.

Clear selection

Invasive shot hole borer is associated with 3 main types of fungi that the beetles use to feed their offspring. Which of the following genera of fungi is NOT associated with this relationship?

1 point

a. Graphium

b. Botryoshphaeria

c. Fusarium

d. Paracremonium

Clear selection

The Invasive shot hole borer has a unique modified organ in their mouths used to carry and transport fungi to establish their fungal gardens in galleries. What is the name of this organ?

1 point

a. Mycelia

b. Corbicula

C. Mycangia

d. Mandibles

Clear selection

Ambrosia beetles develop through four life stages. Which of the life stages is NOT associated with ISHB?

1 point

a. nymph

b. adult

c. egg

d. larva

Clear selection

What symptoms of injury are NOT associated with ISHB?

1 point

a. D” shaped entry/exit holes

b. General tree decline

C. Sugary exudates from entry/exit holes

d. frass from exit/entry holes

Clear selection

Invasive shot hole borers only attack wounded or stressed trees. True or False?

1 point

True: The ethylene “stress” hormone that plants give off is an effective attractant for ISHB.

False: ISHB does like to colonize wood near canker margins but can easily bore into healthy wood.

Clear selection

Integrated Pest Management includes all of the following strategies EXCEPT?

1 point

a. Social control

b. Cultural methods

C. Biological control

d. Chemical control

Clear selection

If Invasive shot hole borer is suspected on your property, what should you do?

1 point

a. ISHB is a quarantine pest, immediately cut it down regardless of damage.

b. Hose ‘em down! Horticultural oil is highly effective against ISHB.

c. Prune out infested wood and solarize or properly destroy contaminated wood.

d. Trunk injections can save trees that have more than 80% canopy decline.

Clear selection

Chemical control of bark beetles has historically been difficult to control because of ISHBs cryptic habitat. What is another reason why chemical control is difficult to implement against ISHB?

1 point

a. Pesticides are expensive and the cost of control may outweigh the value of the tree(s)

b. “older” systemic insecticides were xylem limited and did NOT come into contact with beetles living in the phloem or cambium

c. Contact insecticides act as barrier sprays but the pesticide can drift into sensitive environments

d. All of the above

Clear selection

The most effective type of control of ISHB is mostly associated with cultural practices including removal and solarization or chipping of limbs contaminated with ISHB. However, highly valuable trees can be treated prophylactically with insecticides or fungicides. Which of the following is NOT recognized as an effective treatment?

1 point

Emamectin benzoate (IRAC Group 6 insecticide)

b. Tebuconozole (FRAC Group 3 fungicide)

C. Bifenthrin (IRAC Group 3 insecticide)

d. Cyprodinil (FRAC Group 9 fungicide)

Clear selection

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