ECFAS E-Learning Module

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INTRODUCTION TO THRESHOLDS OF TOTAL WATER LEVELS (TWLS) FOR TRIGGERING COASTAL FLOODING

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1. How are coastal storms identified *

1 бал

The usual definition for storms is used: A disturbance of the atmosphere marked by winds and usually by rain, snow, hail, sleet, or thunder and lightning.

Translation to coastal areas is needed, for which a statistical approach is used to identify them.

Coastal storm does not represent a coastal risk and therefore do not normally need to be identified.

2. What are the thresholds established in the ECFAS project? *

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Duration threshold

Triggering threshold

Triggering and duration thresholds

3. What is the triggering threshold?

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A local reference to trigger the flood-forecasting system in case of forecasted TWL exceedance.

A constant value along Europe to trigger the flood-forecasting system in case of forecasted TWL exceedance.

A constant value by oceanographic region to trigger the flood-forecasting system in case of forecasted TWL exceedance.

4. What is the duration threshold?

1 бал

A constant value along Europe used to determine the storm duration.

A constant value by oceanographic region used to determine the storm duration.

A local reference used to determine the storm duration in case of forecasted TWL exceedance.

5. The triggering threshold is used to activate a warning system. In which cases is the system activated?

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In case the TWL is close to the value of the triggering threshold.

In case the TWL exceeds the value of the triggering thresholds.

In case the TWL exceeds the value of the duration thresholds.

6. What is the triggering threshold reference used in the ECFAS project? *

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The TWL of 1 year return period.

The TWL of 2 year return period.

The TWL of 5 year return period.

7. How were the return periods calculated? *

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A set of arbitrarily chosen values were used for the whole European coastline.

An Extreme Value Analysis (EVA) was performed.

Using extreme values reported in scientific papers.

8. For an EVA, different parameterizations could be used. How was the most appropriate configuration for the analysis selected? *

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There was no analysis carried out to determine if the configuration was appropriate.

The most appropriate configuration was chosen based on existing bibliography.

Different parameterizations were tested to assess the sensitivity of the EVA to the threshold parameter and time window for storm de-clustering.

9. What was obtained as a result of the EVA?

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The triggering threshold values were obtained directly from the EVA.

Values for return periods of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 years.

The duration threshold values were obtained directly from the EVA.

10. How can be checked whether the values extracted from the EVA are representative of reality?

1 бал

Cannot be validated.

Can only be validated with direct measurements.

Using real storm data obtained from the bibliography, tide gauges or other types of measurements.

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