Intramammary antibiotics Part 2 - Grant van Lelyveldt Review Vol 26 Issue 2

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11. Contamination and no growths for bacterial culture can cause several problems for a farmer or veterinarian. What are the three main points? *

a. Wastes money and jeopardises the future use of this management tool.

b. Loss of data pertaining to pathogen types on the farm and possible misrepresentation of contagious pathogens like Staph. aureus.

c. Incorrect choice of antibiotics

d. Nothing is wrong with no growth cultures as it means that the animals are not suffering IMIs and the parlour hygiene is good.

e. A, B and C are important concerns as there is poor parlour hygiene, false representation of pathogen types and farmer compliance drops meaning that fine tuning of an udder health programme is lost which will not aid in the prudent and correct use of antibiotics.

12. A 4th lactation dairy cow, >150 DIM, with a chronic Staph. aureus IMI that has a chronic high SCC level (2 000 000 cells/ml). What percent chance dose this type of animal have of curing (bacterial and clinical)? *

a. 1%

b. 2%

c. 2.5%

d. 5%

e. 0%

13. What are the main reasons for failure of a treatment? *

a. Antibiotics never reaching the bacteria, animals not correctly identified and/or removed from the herd and not actually being treated, the incorrect antibiotic was used (resistance), the mastic animal is not suffering an IMI and finally perception (lost in data or due to lack of data).

b. The cheapest antibiotic was used.

c. Treatment at the wrong time, pathogen is non-responsive to the antibiotic (mycoplasma IMI) and the MIC was not achieved (too short a treatment period or too low a dose of antibiotic).

d. Both A and C are correct.

e. Some treatments fail for no known reason.

14. In the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test and the interpretation, what is the measurement for the Amikacin 10 µg disc to indicate a resistant, intermediate and susceptible interpretation for the diameter of inhibition (ZOI)? *

a. Resistant ≤11cm, Intermediate 12 – 13cm and susceptible ≥14cm

b. Resistant ≤11mm, Intermediate 12 – 13mm and susceptible ≥14mm

c. Resistant ≤11inch, Intermediate 12 – 13 inch and susceptible ≥14 inch

d. Resistant ≤11nm, Intermediate 12 – 13nm and susceptible ≥14nm

e. Resistant ≤11, Intermediate 12 – 13 and susceptible ≥14

15. What are the properties of Spectramast DC and LC? *

a. Cephalosporin (Beta-lactamase and 5 generations), Gram (+)/(-), Inhibits cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal and concentration (Peak MIC)

b. Cephalosporin (Beta-lactamase and 5 generations), Gram (+)/(-), Inhibits cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal and time (Time>MIC)

c. Cephalosporin (Beta-lactamase and 5 generations), Gram (+), Inhibits cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal and concentration (Peak MIC)

d. Cephalosporin (Beta-lactamase and 4 generations), Gram (+)/(-), Inhibits cell wall synthesis, bacteriocidal, concentration (Peak MIC)

e. Cephalosporin (Beta-lactamase and 5 generations), Gram (+)/(-), Inhibits cell wall synthesis, bacteriostatic and concentration (Peak MIC)

16. While negative results where the zones of inhibition could be classified as there being an antibiotic resistance, what percentage of animals with an IMI could still have a bacteriological cure after treatment? *

a. 27,2%

b. 0%

c. 25,5%

d. 50%

e. 2.72%

17. What is the method of action (static or cidal) for the following antibiotics (streptomycin, tetracycline and Clindamycin)? *

a. Cidal, Cidal and Static

b. Cidal, Static and Static

c. Static, Static and Static

d. Static, Cidal and Cidal

e. Cidal, Cidal and Cidal

18. The dry cow period varies from x to y days (average of z days to maintain optimal milk production). What are the number of days for x, y and z? *

a. x = 30, y =60 and z =40

b. x = 20, y =50 and z =40

c. x = 40, y =70 and z =60

d. x = 10, y =30 and z =20

e. x = 60, y =120 and z =90

19. The literature has indicated that when the wrong antibiotic was used for the first treatment and it resulted in a non-cure. A certain percentage of animals required additional treatment. What was the percentage of animals needing the additional treatment and what type of treatment was needed? *

a. A study revealed that in 21.3% of all cows treated for an IMI were treated with an additional secondary treatment (different antibiotic, combination of systemic and intramammary antibiotics).

b. A study revealed that in 2,31% of all cows treated for an IMI were treated with an additional secondary treatment (different antibiotic, combination of systemic and intramammary antibiotics).

c. A study revealed that in 23.1% of all cows treated for an IMI were treated with an additional secondary treatment (chemotherapy, dried off and diet change).

d. A study revealed that in 23.1% of all cows treated for an IMI were treated with an additional secondary treatment (diet change, inactivate the affected quarter and clip the teat).

e. A study revealed that in 23.1% of all cows treated for an IMI were treated with an additional secondary treatment (different antibiotic, combination of systemic and intramammary antibiotics, additional anti-inflammatory medication)

20. Up to 80% of all antibiotics used in dairies were used for the treatment and or prevention of mastitis, with about a% being administered in the form of intramammary antibiotics of which b% is attributed to dry cow treatment and c% is attributed to the treatment of subclinical and clinical IMIs. While, d% of the antibiotics used for an IMI treatment was in the form of systemic antibiotics intended as a supplement for mastitis treatment. What are the percentages for a, b, c and d? *

a. a = 60, b = 40, c = 22 and d = 5

b. a = 65, b = 45, c = 27 and d = 5

c. a = 90, b = 90, c = 10 and d = 5

d. a = 80, b = 100, c = <2 and d = 5

e. a = 100, b = 90, c = 5 and d =5

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