ECFAS E-Learning Module

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FORECAST AND HINDCAST OF MARINE HAZARDS FOR COASTAL FLOOD MANAGEMENT

Test how much you have learned after following the e-learning module.

1. Which of these directly contribute to coastal total water-levels and their extremes?

1 point

A. Tides, surges, wave setup

B. Mean sea level, surges, significant wave height

C. Sea-level rise, storms, tides

2. Why is wave runup not included in the TWL forecasted in ECFAS?

1 point

A. Wave runup is not relevant at a European scale

B. Missing local information and resolution

C. It is simplified as a percentage of the offshore wave heigh

3. How does the total water-level hindcast contribute to the ECFAS system?

1 point

A. To evaluate the system for historical events

B. To identify coastal flood triggering thresholds

C. To identify coastal flood triggering thresholds and build the flood catalogue forcing

4. How does the total water-level forecast contribute to the ECFAS system?

1 point

A. To generate operational flood forecasts

B. To warn about maximum water-level heights

C. To predict near-future extreme events, and characterize them if they exceed the local triggering threshold

5. Why is the forecast ‘lead time’ an important concept for ECFAS?

1 point

A. It relates to the activation of the system

B. It relates to the amount of days in advance we can predict an event

C. It relates to the total time the system is activated

6. What timescales are targeted by forecasts/hindcasts in ECFAS?

1 point

A. A few days/a decade

B. Up to a week/ a decade

C. A few days/multi-decadal

7. In which of these aspects do TWL hindcast and forecast models typically differ?

1 point

A. One assimilates observations, the other doesn’t

B. Hindcasts have higher resolution than forecasts

C. They tend to have different atmospheric forcing products

8. Why are hindcasts characterized by lower uncertainty than forecasts?
*

1 point

A. Because they include more physical processes

B. Because they benefit from observations

C. Because they have higher resolutions

9. Which of these processes have strongest influence on the coastal extreme TWLs targeted in ECFAS? *

1 point

A. Model dimensions, data assimilation

B. Model dimensions, coupling with waves

C. Coupling with waves, explicit tides

10. Why?

1 point

A. Because both strongly interact with surges

B. Because both strongly interact with tides

C. Because both strongly interact with mean sea-level

11. What three aspects of the TWL forecasts are assessed to evaluate the performance for ECFAS?

1 point

A. The event peak representation, the triggering rate and lead time impact

B. The event peak representation, the lead time impact and the event duration

C. The event peak timing, forecast lead time impact and the contribution of surge to the error

12. Where do the hindcast and forecasts products interface in the ECFAS system?

1 point

A. In the flood extension calculation

B. In the trigger component and flood map selection

C. In the trigger component

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