Class XII Economics -  Indian Economics on The Eve of Independence Test Paper Part I  Case Study, ARQ, MCQ- 2021
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CASE STUDY- 1 Read the following hypothetical text and answer the given questions: - Before colonial period, India was exporting manufactured goods which enjoyed worldwide demand. Under the colonial rule, India was reduced to a supplier of raw materials like jute,cotton, indigo, wool, sugar etc. and importer of finished consumer goods like silk andwoolen clothes and light machinery manufactured in the factories of Britain. Additionally, the opening of Suez Canal intensified this control of Britishers over Indian foreign trade. The remaining volume of foreign trade was allowed with a handful of countries namely China, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Persia (Iran). Interestingly, even this trade was heavily monitored by the colonials. As a matter of fact, there was a large generation of export surplus under the British Raj. India was a large exporter in the colonial period. However, it did not affect the country’s economy. Commodities like food grains, cloths, kerosene hit the country hard with its scarcity. Ironically, this export surplus never made its way to India. It was used to make payments for an office set up in Britain, war expenses of the British and import of invisible items. Such brutalities eventually led to the dawn of a rising foreign trade aspect of India. 1. The opening of Suez Canal served as a direct route for ship operating between: *
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2. “The export surplus was used for the welfare of Indian Industry.” *
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3. (A): India became an exporter of primary products and an importer of finished consumer and capital goods produced in Britain. (R): Restrictive policies of commodity production, trade and tariff structure, composition and volume of India’s foreign trade. *
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CASE STUDY- 2 Read the following hypothetical text and answer the given questions: - The various social development indicators were also not quite encouraging. The overall literacy level was less than 16 per cent. Out of this, the female literacy level was at a negligible low of about seven per cent. Public health facilities were either unavailable to large chunks of population or, when available, were highly inadequate. Consequently, water and air-borne diseases were rampant and took a huge toll on life. No wonder, the overall mortality rate was very high and in that, particularly, the infant mortality rate was quite alarming—about 218 per thousand in contrast to the present infant mortality rate of 63 per thousand. Life expectancy was also very low—44 years in contrast to the present 66 years. In the absence of reliable data, it is difficult to specify the extent of poverty at that time but there is no doubt that extensive poverty prevailed in India during the colonial period which contributed to the worsening profile of India’s population 1. Which year is described as a “year of Great Divide”? *
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2. What were the causes of higher infant motility rate during the British period? *
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3. During colonial period, India’s demographic profile showed: *
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CASE STUDY- 3 Read the following hypothetical text and answer the given questions: -India’s economy under the British colonial rule remained fundamentally agrarian — about 85 per cent of the country’s population lived mostly in villages and derived livelihood directly or indirectly from agriculture (See Box 1.2). However, despite being the occupation of such a large population, the agricultural sector continued to experience stagnation and, not infrequently, unusual deterioration. Agricultural pro-ductility became low though, in absolute terms, the sector experienced some growth due to the expansion of the aggregate area under cultivation. This stagnation in the agricultural sector was caused mainly because of the various systems of land settlement that were introduced by the colonial government. Particularly, under the zamindari system which was implemented in the then Bengal Presidency comprising parts of India’s present-day eastern states, 1. The main reason for stagnation in the agriculture sector the British rule was: *
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2. “Commercialization of agriculture increased the burden of revenue on farmers.” *
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3. (A): Zamindari (Semi Feudal Economy) in the colonial era were also responsible for the misery of the cultivators. (R): The terms of revenue settlement system introduced were harsh on the Zamindars. *
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following economist estimated per capital income during colonial period *
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2. In how many sectors is the occupational structure of India is divided?   *
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3. What is another name for the service sector? *
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4. What was the nature of the Indian economy on the eve of independence? *
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5. What was the life expectancy at birth in India on the eve of Independence? *
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6. What was the growth rate of per capital income in India on the eve of Independence? *
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7. Which of the following activities is included in the primary sector? *
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8. In which of the following sectors is manufacturing activity included? *
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9. Where was the first iron and steel company established? *
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10.What is the tax or duty on imports called? *
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11.Year of great divide   *
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12.When was the first census data collected during British India *
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13.Poor variety of seeds and low productive seeds were mainly the reason for *
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14.What was the motive behind the de-industrialization by the colonial Govt. in India? *
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15.What does the export surplus mean? When *
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16.Which industries were adversely affected due to partition? *
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17.Most developed infrastructure during British period *
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18.Which crops name showed bumper production in Green Revolution period? Wheat & rice   *
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19.What was the condition of foreign trade under British rule? *
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20.In which year, the second industrial policy in India was declared? *
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