Management legacies in European planted forests: challenges and opportunities for climate change adaptation
The aim of this survey is to compile qualitative and semi-quantitative information about planted forests in Europe. We would like to compile information about i) the extension and species composition of planted forests in Europe; ii) the main disturbance-related risks for these plantations and iii) potential management actions to increase the resilience of planted stands. We aim to identify potential management actions for adapting European-planted forests to disturbances (droughts, fires, pests, pathogens and storms). 

We defined non-native species following the NNEXT COST action definition as those species introduced post-Columbus. Unless clearly specified, please consider native species at European level. In addition, we defined planted forests as forests composed of one or more tree species established by planting or seeding that are managed for productive purposes, climate regulation or both; following the FAO definition.

The main categories are: (i) native gymnosperm monospecific (plantations with ≥ 75% of basal area of the stand corresponding to native gymnosperm species), (ii) native angiosperm monospecific (plantations with ≥ 75% of basal area of the stand corresponding to native angiosperm species), (iii) native mixed angiosperm-angiosperm (plantations with more than one angiosperm species and  less than 75% of basal area of the stand corresponding to each species), native mixed gymnosperm-gymnosperm (plantations with more than one gymnosperm species and  less than 75% of basal area of the stand corresponding to each species), (v) native mixed angiosperm-gymnosperm (plantations with two or more angiosperm and gymnosperm species and less than 75% of basal area of the stand corresponding to each species) and (vi) non-native (forests with ≥ 75% of basal area of the stand corresponding to non-native species). 

Please, when filling the survey use the forest species scientific names.
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1. Name and surname *
2. E-mail address *
3. Position *
4. Institution *
5. Country *
6. What percentage (or ha) of the land area of your country is covered by planted forests?
7. What percentage of the planted forest area corresponds to each plantation type? *
< 10%
10-25%
20-50%
50-75%
> 75%
No answer/don't know
Native gymnosperm monospecific
Native angiosperm monospecific
Native mixed angiosperm-angiosperm
Native mixed gymnosperm-gymnosperm
Native mixed angiosperm-gymnosperm
Non-native
8. Which are the main species of native gymnosperm monospecific plantations in your country? (write as many species as you consider)
9. Could you provide information of  native gymnosperm monospecific plantations at species level?  If yes, please fill the following Excel link
Clear selection
10. Which are the main species of native angiosperm monospecific plantations in your country? (write as many species as you consider)
11. Could you provide information of native angiosperm monospecific plantations at species level? If yes, please fill the following Excel link
Clear selection
12. Which are the main pairs of species of native mixed angiosperm-angiosperm plantations in your country? (write as many pairs as you consider; for example  Quercus robur-Fagus sylvatica)
13. Could you provide information of native mixed angiosperm-angiosperm plantations at pair of species level?  If yes, please fill the following Excel link
Clear selection
14. Which are the main pairs of species of native mixed gymnosperm-gymnosperm plantations in your country? (write as many pairs as you consider; for example Pinus sylvestris-Pinus nigra)
15. Could you provide information of native mixed gymnosperm-gymnosperm plantations at pair of species level?  If yes, please fill the following Excel link
Clear selection
16. Which are the main pairs of species of native mixed angiosperm-gymnosperm plantations in your country? (write as many pairs as you consider; for example Quercus pyrenaica-Pinus sylvestris)
17. Could you provide information of native mixed angiosperm-gymnosperm plantations at pair of species level?  If yes, please fill the following Excel link
Clear selection
19. Which are the main species of non-native plantations in your country? ( write as many species as you consider)
20. Could you provide information of non-native plantations at species level?  If yes, please fill the following Excel link
Clear selection
21. Of the total planted forests, what percentage is actively managed for productive purposes?
22. Which are the main species of productive planted forests? (write as many species as you consider)
23. What is the volume in the total roundwood production of productive planted forests? (in cubic meters)
24. How is the impact of the following disturbances in planted forests of your country today?
Low impact
Medium impact
High impact
No answer/don't know
Drought
Fire
Biotic agents
Snow and ice
Wind
Clear selection
25. How is the expected impact of the following disturbances in planted forests of your country in 2050?
Low impact
Medium impact
High impact
No answer/don't know
Drought
Fire
Biotic agents
Snow and ice
Wind
Clear selection
26. What stand characteristics make the forest most vulnerable to the following risks?
 *
Low species diversity
High species diversity
Even-aged
Uneven-aged
Low density
Medium density
High density
Other
No answer/don't know
Drought
Fire
Biotic agents
Snow and ice
Wind
27. If you marked "other" in the previous question, please, specify the stand characteristics related to the risk (For example, Fire - Forest continuity).
28. Which management measures could be applied to reduce the effects of the following disturbances in planted forests of your country? *
Reduction of stand density
Reduction of the understory cover
Promotion of mixed forests
Changing species or genetic composition
Promoting spatial heterogeneity at the landscape-scale
Other
No answer/don't know
Drought
Fire
Biotic agents
Snow and ice
Wind
29. If you marked "other" in the previous question, please, specify the management measures related to each disturbance (For example, Fire - fuel
treatment patches).
30. Please specify the URL, references or any other relevant source of information used to answer the questions. *

31. Would you like to further participate and provide quantitative information about planted forests in your country?

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