UFS Exam 2

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UFS Exam 2

Technically you have 30 minutes and this is a closed book exam, but there is no timer and you're on the honor system. You can submit only once, and in the case of multiple submissions, only the first submission's grade will be entered unless there is a curve.

FOR THE EXAM: Choose the one option that best answers the question(s) or fills in the blank(s). Once you are finished, please submit your exam with the button on the page! There should be an attached answer key so your grade will be immediately available!

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1. The Austin area has many different soil types, but they all generally exhibit which of the following qualities?

1 point

a. Low pH, high organic content, and high nitrogen and sodium levels

b. Neutral pH, large pore space, and a high cation exchange capacity

c. High pH, small pore space, and a balanced ratio of NPK

d. High pH, Low organic content, and high phosphorous and potassium levels

Clear selection

2. What are the three main, solid components of soil?

1 point

a. Clay, rock, and soil biota

b. Sand, pore space, and organic material

c. Clay, roots, and disappointment

d. Clay, silt, and sand

Clear selection

3. Changing the grade of the soil over a trees roots runs the risk of hurting the tree through what mechanism?

1 point

a. Soil aeration

b. Mechanical damage to the roots

c. Loss of oxygen to the roots

d. Increased soil microbial activity

Clear selection

4. Soil fauna are important in soil ecosystems because they _____________.

1 point

a. Increase decay, accelerate parasitic relationships, and kill trees

b. Increase aeration, accelerate decay, and aid in nutrient cycling

c. Increase compaction, create organic material, and aid in water cycling

d. Generate cations, increase nitrogen fixation, and increase soil conductivity

Clear selection

5. What are mycorrhizae?

1 point

a. Tree/Nematode symbiosis in tree roots that aids in nitrogen release and carbon sequestration.

b. Nematode/Fungus symbiosis in the rhizosphere that decreases root elongation.

c. Tree/Tree symbiosis that allows for communication between trees

d. Fungus/Tree symbiosis in tree roots that aids in nutrient and water uptake

Clear selection

6. Insect damage on trees is most often classified by __________. For example, __________ would cause _______ damage.

1 point

a. The insect’s mouthparts; caterpillars and beetles; chewing

b. The insect’s genitalia; flies and wasps; defoliation

c. The amount of damage; aphids; horrific

d. The timing of damage; scales; Spring to Summer

Clear selection

7. What are the three types of rot currently used to describe the different modes of fungal decay in wood?

1 point

a. Soft, brown, and white

b. Hard, white, and blocky

c. Soft, sap, and branch

d. Root, butt, and heart

Clear selection

8. Tree support and protection is best done on trees with _________________ otherwise ___________ may be recommended.

1 point

a. No prior structural pruning; defoliation

b. A fully developed canopy; pruning

c. A structurally sound root system and trunk; removal

d. Advanced decay in the trunk; fertilization

Clear selection

9. Most impacts from construction on urban trees happen when developers negatively affect what part of the tree?

1 point

a. Leaves

b. Water

c. Arborist

d. Roots

Clear selection

10. What are the two main impacts on urban trees from development?

1 point

a. Mechanical damage and poor pruning

b. Changes in light regimes and changes to the water table

c. Loss of light to the roots and defoliation

d. Soil compaction and grade changes

Clear selection

Image for question 11:

11. What’s up with this tree!? (American Sycamore, Platanus occidentalis)

1 point

a. Root dieback, leaf elongation, and bark loss indicate the tree is drought stressed and should be watered heavily

b. Crown dieback, sucker growth, and reduced leaf size indicate the tree is severely stressed and in decline

c. Cankers, conks, and cones indicated that this tree is a conifer that has been planted in the wrong location

d. Insect damage, water-sprouts, and root dieback indicate that this tree is in dire need of pruning and insecticide treatment

Clear selection

Image for question 12 and 13:

12. Developer Dan wants to cut down some trees. Which trees are considered “protected trees” by the City of Austin? Are any of these trees “heritage trees”?

1 point

a. 1 is protected, 2 and 3 are heritage.

b. 1 and 5 are protected, 2 and 3 are heritage.

c. 1 and 3 are protected, 2 is heritage.

d. 1, 3, and 5 are protected, 2 is heritage.

Clear selection

13. In order to remove a protected tree, you must ___________. Heritage trees can only be removed when ___________. That means Developer Dan can _________ the live oak in the above example located well inside the city limites but (somehow) away from any other developments or buildings.

1 point

a. Apply for a permit; they pose a hazard or risk to people or structures; not remove

b. Apply for a permit; they are in decline; possibly remove

c. Hire and arborist; a permit is issued for the removal; apply for a permit to remove

d. Hire a certified arborist; they are dead; not remove

Clear selection

14. What is the “teacup” or “soup-bowl” effect that results from improperly planting a tree?

1 point

a. The planting hole regularly fills with water due to the tree being planted too deeply

b. Amended or non-native backfill becomes waterlogged due to poor drainage resulting in root rot

c. Butt-rot creates a “teacup” or “soup-bowl” of decay on the trunk near the root collar

d. Shock or decline of the tree when the roots make it into native soil

Clear selection

15. When considering the diversity of your planting project, what should you strive for?

1 point

a. No more than 30% from one family, 20% from one genus, or 10% from one species

b. As much of a monoculture as possible to avoid differing maintenance routines

c. No more than 50% from one family, 60% from one genus, or 70% from one species

d. An accurate representation of the diversity of Austin’s urban forest

Clear selection

16. When planting a containerized tree, you should always ___________________.

1 point

a. “Starfish” the rootball with a sharp knife, amend the backfill, and heavily prune to reduce transpirational water loss

b. Inspect the trunk for cankers or damage and prune the roots back to 2/3 their length

c. Wing it and hope for the best

d. Expose the root flare, inspect for girdling roots, and cut or straighten any roots circling the container

Clear selection

17. What does C.O.D.I.T. stand for?

1 point

a. Compartmentalization of decay in trees

b. Constraints on diseases infecting trees

c. Compaction, osmosis, diffusion, investigation, and trenching

d. Classical ontological defenses and integrated treatment

Clear selection

18. C.O.D.I.T. was defined by ___________.

1 point

a. Theodor Geisel

b. Alex Shigo

c. E.O. Wilson

d. Margaret Hoffman

Clear selection

19. Most risk reporting of municipal trees comes from whom?

1 point

a. Municipal tree care departments

b. Arborist companies

c. Schools

d. Concerned citizens

Clear selection

20. A species of red oak on your street corner, several houses down, is hit by a car in mid-March causing a large trunk wound. By mid-April, the tree is completely dead having had extensive wilting in the crown and browning of the new leaves. Your neighbor, Mr. Awfulsauce, decides that his live oak needs to be pruned and hires and unscrupulous arborist to do a quick hack job on April 30th. By late May, Mr. Awfulsauce’s live oak has begun to drop leaves and a suspicious pattern of necrosis following the veins has spread through over 1/3 of the canopy. Your own 26” DBH live oak still stands unaffected less than 100 feet from Mr. Awfulsauce’s afflicted tree. What is your diagnosis and what can be done?

1 point

a. Mr. Awfulsauce’s tree if infected with bacterial leaf scorch and needs to be removed. Heavy pruning on the side closest to the afflicted tree followed by a copper sulfate application may save your own tree.

b. Mr. Awfulsauce’s tree is infected with oak wilt and needs to be removed or treated. Trenching and fungicide applications should be done to protect your own tree.

c. Mr. Awfulsauce’s tree is afflicted by chlorosis due to unfavorable soil conditions. Iron applications and a fresh, deep mulch bed may save your tree from a similar problem.

d. Mr. Awfulsauce’s tree is suffering from sudden oak death. There is nothing to be done as sudden oak death is mediated through signaling molecules from the leaves. Heavy watering may delay the symptoms in your tree.

Clear selection

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