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What is an allergic reaction?
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1. A 6-year-old child ate a peanut butter sandwich at snack time in school. Five minutes later, her throat became swollen and she collapsed. This allergic reaction occurred because her body
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4 points
(1) Recognized an antigen in peanut butter and produced antibiotics against it.
(2) Digested the white blood cells that can recognize an antigen in peanut butter.
(3) Did not recognize an antigen in peanut butter and could not produce antibodies against it.
(4) Recognized an antigen in peanut butter and produced an immune response.
2. In some people, substances such as peanuts, eggs, and milk cause an immune response. This response to usually harmless substances is most similar to the
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1) action of the heart as the intensity of exercise increase.
2) mechanism that regulates the activity of guard cells.
3) action of white blood cells when certain bacteria enter the body.
4) mechanism that maintains the proper level of antibiotics in the blood.
3. All cells in an embryo have the same DNA. However, the embryonic cells form organs, such as the brain and the kidneys, which have very different structures and functions. What are these differences the result of?
4 points
(1) having two types of cells, one type from each parent
(2) rapid mitosis causing mutations in embryo cells
(3) new combinations of cells resulting from meiosis
(4) certain genes being expressed in some cells and not in others
Clear selection
4. When someone’s immune system overacts to something harmless it’s called
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1. a sickness
2. an allergy
3. a sneeze
4. the measles
5. An immune response to a usually harmless environmental substance is known as
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(1) an antigen
(2) a vaccination
(3) an allergy
(4) a mutation
6. Asexual reproduction primarily involves the process of
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1. ovulation
2. pollination
3. mitosis
4. sperm formation
7. Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but they have some characteristics of living things. What is one of these characteristics?
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1. They are made up of many specialized cells.
2. They contain genetic material.
3. They reproduce by mitosis.
4. They contain chlorophyll.
8. Variations within a species are most likely the result of
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1. mutations and sexual reproduction
2. crossing-over and mitosis
3. mitosis and asexual reproduction
4. overpopulation and recombination
9. Some bacteria produce an enzyme called penicillinase, which prevents their destruction by penicillin. Since these same organisms reproduce asexually, they normally produce offspring that
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4 points
1) can be killed by penicillin
2) have an abnormally high rate of mutation
3) have variable numbers of chromosomes
4) are resistant to penicillin
10. Itching and other skin problems are signs that a cat or dog may have fleas. Fleas are parasites known for their biting and blood-sucking abilities. When they bite, flea saliva enters the pet's circulatory system, sometimes causing an allergic response commonly seen as a "hot spot" on the pet's neck or the base of its tail.
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(1) flea saliva may stimulate an immune response in cats and dogs
(2) fleas are microbes whose bites cause a decreased blood flow
(3) flea saliva is a toxic substance that is released when fleas prey on cats and dogs
(4) fleas are host organisms whose saliva digests cat and dog fur, leaving "hot spots"
11. Responses of the immune system to usually harmless environmental substances are known as
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(1) antigen production
(2) chromosomal mutations
(3) pathogens
(4) allergies
12. An allergic reaction to certain types of natural, unprocessed foods, such as peanuts, is caused by
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(1) a lack of digestive enzymes
(2) a response to specific antigens
(3) microorganisms living within the food
(4) high levels of carbon dioxide in the air
Lyme Disease
13. Shortly after the initial infection, the mice apparently
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(1) got rid of the bacteria
(2) had no reaction to the infection
(3) produced antibodies against the disease
(4) suffered permanent neurological damage
14. The organisms that cause Lyme disease are able to
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(1) cause problems in plants as well as several species of animals.
(2) change their proteins, thus making recognition by the mouse's immune system more difficult.
(3) destroy mouse antibodies by chemically breaking them down into harmless end products.
(4) be transmitted directly from one mouse to another.
15. According to the passage, which symptom of Lyme disease in humans might appear several years after the initial tick bite?
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(1) a severe rash
(2) a high fever
(3) kidney failure
(4) joint inflammation
16. Allergic reactions usually occur when the immune system produces
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1) Antibiotic against usually harmless antigens.
2) Antigens against usually harmless antibodies.
3) Antibodies against usually harmless antigens.
4) Enzymes against usually harmless antibodies.
17. How does altering (changing) the DNA of peanut affect the proteins in peanuts that cause allergic reactions?
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4 points
1) The altered DNA is used to synthesize changed forms of these proteins.
2) The altered DNA leaves the nucleus and becomes part of the allergy-producing.
3) The altered DNA is the code for the antibodies against the allergens.
4) The altered DNA is used as an enzyme to break down the allergens in peanuts.
18. Identify the human system that is responsible for this sensitivity to peanuts.
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4 points
Your answer
19. Identify the specific type of molecule that triggers an allergic reaction.
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20. State one reason why a person could be allergic to peanuts, but not be allergic to walnuts.
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4 points
Your answer
21. Describe how this reaction is similar to the rejection of a transplanted organ.
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Your answer
22. Base your answer on the question below and on your knowledge of biology.
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Battling Cancer with T-cell Therapy
23. Explain why these specific T cells can be used for B-cell leukemia treatment.
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Your answer
24. Explain why a patient needs treatments of antibodies after being injected with these modified T cells.
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4 points
Your answer
25. Explain why the engineered T cells taken from one cancer patient will not work as a cancer treatment if injected into another patient with B-cell leukemia.
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