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Ling 380/Soc 427 – Final
Due by 11:59pm on Friday, May 21.
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Map for questions 1 through 6.
Questions 1–6
The above map comes from The Atlas of North American English, which is available in full on the readings page of our class website. A high-resolution version of the map itself is also available at the following url:
https://soclang2021.commons.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/16129/files/2021/05/final-map.png
Based on this map, answer questions 1–6 below.
1. What linguistic variable is shown on this map?
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the word used for 'soft drink,' i.e. 'pop,' 'soda,' 'coke,' etc.
the use of positive 'anymore,' as in 'I go there anymore' meaning 'I still go there.'
the word used for a certain arthropod, i.e. 'pillbug,' 'potato bug,' 'roly poly,' etc.
the word used for the luminous nocturnal insect, i.e. 'lightning bug,' 'firefly,' or 'will o' the wisp.'
2. How many red isoglosses, indicating that respondents use this feature, are shown on this map?
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one
two
three
about a hundred
3. Which of the following states fit entirely within an isogloss of people who use this feature themselves?
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Kansas
Illinois
North Carolina
Maine
4. Which of the following is true of Miami, Florida?
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Respondents are split on whether or not they use this feature.
Respondents are split on whether or not they have heard this feature.
There is no data on this feature from respondents in Miami, Florida.
Some respondents in Miami have never heard this feature, while others in the same city report using it themselves.
5. Which of the following is true of Toronto, Canada?
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Respondents all report that they use this feature.
Respondents all report that they have heard this feature.
Some respondents in Toronto have never heard this feature, while others in the same city report using it themselves.
There is no data on this feature from respondents in Toronto.
6. From the perspective of a sociolinguist, what is a problem with maps like this?
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They use Mercator projection, which is geographically distorting.
They appear to suggest that the earth is flat.
They typically only include data from linguists living in the locations shown.
They do not account for social variation within a given place.
7. Name three social factors that can correlate with language variation.
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Your answer
8. What is a sociolect? Give an example from our readings or that we discussed in class.
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Your answer
9. Which of the following is true of idiolects?
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Each group has its own idiolect.
Only people deemed "peculiar" have their own idiolect.
Everyone has their own idiolect.
"Idiolect" is a dated term for "sociolect."
10. Which of the following is true of speech communities?
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Probably no two people in a given speech community have the exact same vocabulary and accent.
Everyone in a given speech community has the exact same vocabulary and accent.
Most people in a given speech community have the exact same vocabulary and accent.
Speech communities can only exist among people who live in close proximity to one another.
11. Briefly summarize the key findings of Gumperz (1958). Be sure to mention the place where the study was conducted, as well as the social factor(s) involved.
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Your answer
12. Briefly summarize the key findings of Labov (1966). Be sure to mention the place where the study was conducted, as well as the social factor(s) involved.
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Your answer
13. Which of the following is true about language variation and language change?
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They refer to the same thing.
They are unrelated concepts.
Language change depends upon language variation.
All variation leads to change.
14. In Hibya's (1996) work, he found that:
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Real time data could confirm apparent time data.
Real time data refutes apparent time data.
Apparent time data is impossible to collect.
Apparent time data is of no use in discussing language change.
15. What is change from below? Give an example.
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Your answer
16. What is change from above? Give an example.
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Your answer
17. What is long term stable variation? Give an example of two long-term stable variants in English.
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Your answer
18. Imagine that you are a linguist studying the variety of English spoken in the remote Shetland Islands. You want to conduct research on how this variety has changed over the last 50 years. How might you collect apparent-time data?
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Your answer
19. Building on the scenario in question 18; imagine that months have passed, and you now have a sizable collection of apparent-time data. You'd like to supplement this with real-time data. How might you go about collecting real-time data?
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Your answer
20. Name a regional dialect, and describe a linguistic variable associated with that dialect.
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Your answer
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