ESEM Exam 29.6.2020

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ESEM Exam 29.6.2020

In this exam we will analyze the recently published “Portuguese National strategy for hydrogen”.

For each question, please choose ONE and only ONE possible answer. Some options are incorrect, others are correct but incomplete and only one is correct and complete. Choose the one that is correct and more complete.

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1 - The Portuguese National strategy for Hydrogen is a document that describes the governmental vision for hydrogen uptake in Portugal up to 2040.From the Energy Planning decision making perspective, the name strategy is:

correct, because “strategic planning” considers long-term (more than 10 years) and global (national) actions

correct, because “strategic planning” considers long-term (more than 10 years) and global (across the supply chain at regional level) actions

incorrect, because it is in fact a tactical planning policy document, as it foresees actions for medium to long term (starting in 5 years) and global actions

incorrect, because it is in fact a tactical planning policy document, as it foresees actions for medium to long term (starting in 5 years) at a local scale (Sines)

Clear selection

2 – According to the “renewables directive” (RED 2018), energy storage is the use of energy deferred in time from its generation. Hydrogen production…

cannot be considered energy storage as hydrogen is not a form of energy

cannot be considered energy storage as hydrogen use cannot be deferred in time

can be considered energy storage as it can be transformed into electricity later

can be considered energy storage as it can be used to generate multiple energy uses later in time (electricity, heat, etc.)

Clear selection

3 – This strategy envisions that hydrogen is a good technological choice to help Portugal to become carbon neutral in 2050 because…

it is an efficient technology to store electricity

it is an efficient technology to convert excess renewable into heat for industry

it is a flexible technology to generate renewable gases (gas generated from renewable resources) and be used in multiple sectors (industry, transport, electricity generation)

It can be used to absorb CO2.

Clear selection

4 – The strategy foresees that large facilities (up to 10 GW) can be built with their own electricity generation facilities. The strategy foresees solar and wind technologies as potential resources. In your opinion:

it makes sense to use wind and solar generation technologies as they are relatively complementary (solar can produce during the day and wind will probably generate more electricity in the night)

it would be better just to consider solar technologies as they are cheaper than wind

it would be better to just consider wind as it is already installed

the facility should just use excess renewable energy resources from the existing installed renewable resources

Clear selection

5 – The current installed storage capacity in Portugal is 3.4 GW in hydro-pump storage, but in 90% of the time, less than 500 MW are used.If hydrogen facilities would participate in an energy market based on marginal costs of production like the current ones…

hydrogen would be very competitive with hydro-pump storage since the only resource it uses is water for the electrolization of hydrogen

hydrogen would be competitive because 3.4 GW is not enough storage capacity for Portugal

hydrogen would not be competitive since the investment costs would be very high

hydrogen would not be competitive as, unlike hydro-pump, the marginal cost would not be zero

Clear selection

6 – The strategy considers that hydrogen could be used in the transportation sector. In your opinion…

this assumption is incorrect, because all mobility modes can be electrified (there will be electric all types of electric vehicles)

this assumption is incorrect because hydrogen can not be used in vehicles because it is too dangerous

the assumption is correct as many transport modes, especially related to freight transportation will be difficult to electrify

the assumption is correct because hydrogen vehicles, unlike electric vehicles, can be used for all transportation modes

Clear selection

7 – The strategy also considers that hydrogen can be used in industry and buildings to replace gas uses. In your opinion…

buildings and industry will become fully electrified, so there is no need.

hydrogen can be used in the current natural gas network, within some technical limits, improving some technical parameters (like losses, heating value) and minimize the CO2 emissions of natural

hydrogen can replace fully the consumption of natural gas

an hydrogen network could be built to distribute hydrogen to be used directly in industry and buildings for heating, etc.

Clear selection

8 – The plan considers a significant increase in electricity consumption, based on the electrification of the transport sector and the production of hydrogen. The consumption for the other sectors is considered to remain constant over the next decades.In your opinion…

the electricity consumption will increase in other sectors due to the electrification of some uses

the electricity consumption in the other sectors will remain constant as the electrification of some uses will be compensated by the increase in the efficiency of the appliances

the electricity consumption in other sectors should decrease as a consequence of energy efficiency policies

it is no role of a strategy document to estimate future energy demand

Clear selection

9 – The plan considers a significant increase in installed capacity of renewable power plants specifically for hydrogen production of these large facilities. In your opinion…

these large facilities will not contribute directly to the carbon neutrality goals, so they should not be authorized

these large facilities should be seen as any economic sector activity and not be considered in the energy planning of a country

even though they will an economic activity, the impact on the energy system is significant and therefore should be framed within the energy policy

these large facilities should have a central management to contribute to the decarbonization of the energy sector.

Clear selection

10 - The document is currently under public discussion. Please add some comments to be submitted as an effort of the “IST ESEM class 2019-2020” to improve the document (around 500 characters/100 words)

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