UFS Exam 3

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UFS Exam 3

Technically you have 30 minutes and this is a closed book exam, but there is no timer and you're on the honor system. You can submit only once, and in the case of multiple submissions, only the first submission's grade will be entered unless there is a curve.

FOR THE EXAM: Choose the one option that best answers the question(s) or fills in the blank(s). Once you are finished, please submit your exam with the button on the page! There should be an attached answer key so your grade will be immediately available!

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Images for Question 1:

1. In the above pictures from Central Texas, which represents a more functional riparian system and which represents a more dysfunctional riparian system?

1 point

a. Both are equally dysfunctional

b. A is more functional, B is more dysfunctional

c. A is more dysfunctional, B is more functional

d. Both are equally functional

Clear selection

2. In Lane’s Balance, aggradation and degradation are mediated by changes in the stream channel’s ____________ or __________ .

1 point

a. Native trees; erosion

b. Inhabitants; sinuosity

c. Sediment size; hydrologic load

d. Weather events; incision

Clear selection

3. What is a riparian pioneer?

1 point

a. A person who makes riparian stewardship their mission and actively engages in public information campaigns and stewardship activities.

b. A species of plant that is able to recolonize degraded streams, subsequently making further riparian plant recruitment possible by catching sediment and debris.

c. A species of tree that can easily colonize any disturbed site, subsequently helping build soil, increase ambient humidity, and shade newly recruited seedlings that cannot handle harsh sunlight.

d. A person who settled in Texas in the early to mid-1800s near one of the many creeks and streams that ultimately lead to the poor land use and degradation of riparian areas

Clear selection

4. What is carbon dioxide sequestration?

1 point

a. The cycle through which carbon is stored by trees and released by fires and decay.

b. The storage of CO2 in above and below ground tissues of plants through photosynthesis.

c. The emission of CO2 from plants through respiration.

d. The storage of CO2 in moist biomass through passive uptake.

Clear selection

5. Rural forests store ______ as much carbon dioxide as urban forests because they have _________.

1 point

a. Half; lower carbon emissions

b. Three times; no pollution

c. Just; ecosystem services

d. Two times; higher tree density

Clear selection

6. Greenhouse gasses are so-called due to the fact that they ______________.

1 point

a. Lend a green hue to the sky

b. Are mostly emitted by plant nurseries with greenhouses

c. Insulate the Earth and make it warmer like a greenhouse

d. Encourage plant growth like a greenhouse

Clear selection

7. Which of the following events would best manage risk for a volunteer activity?

1 point

a. A well-organized event where new volunteers are split into independent groups with leaders and overall mission clearly identified, and retained volunteers are given more training in order to meet a secondary goal.

b. A mandatory liability waiver at the event for people to sign, recognition and special rewards for the hardest working volunteers, and training from returning volunteers for any interested volunteer in the day’s activity.

c. General idea for the event fleshed out and many potential risks explained in illustrative detail to all volunteers at the beginning of the event. Explanations followed by draconian policing of new volunteers by returning volunteers, staff, and friends of staff.

d. A well-prepared event where all volunteers have been given equivalent jobs and a working knowledge of what they are doing. Returning volunteers have been utilized as skilled volunteers in jobs they have already mastered with clear goals defined.

Clear selection

8. What is micro-volunteering?

1 point

a. Tele-volunteering with other like-minded volunteers to maximize output while minimizing individual work.

b. Hands-on management of volunteers to ensure they are doing the correct tasks with the correct procedures.

c. Providing organizational support through short bursts of volunteerism every day followed by sizeable financial contributions

d. Regular or Tele-volunteering for short periods of time to accomplish a small goal for the organization.

Clear selection

9. Biodiversity is important because _____________________________.

1 point

a. More species means more chances for something to go horribly wrong

b. More species means a higher chance of species providing necessary ecosystem services or resistance to pests or disasters

c. More species means more chances for species to work together and provide necessary harmony for the ecosystem and surrounding biotic and abiotic areas

d. More species means it is harder to make all of the species go extinct through human activity and land-use

Clear selection

Images for Question 10:

10. Which of the above examples of ecosystems would likely be more productive in terms of ecosystem services? (Different tree shapes indicated different species)

1 point

a. A is more productive than B

b. A is less productive than B

c. A is equally productive as B

d. A is Incomparably productive to B

Clear selection

11. Biodiversity does not only mean an increased species richness, in addition ________ and _______ diversity are also included.

1 point

a. Ethnic; socioeconomic

b. Reproductive; structural

c. Weather; soil

d. Genetic; functional

Clear selection

12. Which of the following is an invasive tree species in Central Texas?

1 point

a. Cedar, Juniperus ashei

b. Cedar, Cedrus atlantica

c. Bodark, Maclura pomifera

d. Tree of Heaven, Ailanthus altissima

Clear selection

13. Invasive species management that emphasizes a return to a pristine or primordial state is often fool-hardy because __________________.

1 point

a. Invasive species are wholly good for the environment and require little to no management due to the ecosystem services they provide such as distribution of propagules, pollution reductions, and storm water run-off mitigation

b. There are always going to be invasive species and management does not help, so the most advisable course forward is controlled species introductions and biological control

c. Ecosystems are dynamic and rarely present the same state for very long and humanity has inexorably changed the landscape to the extent that the “primordial state” is less than ideal

d. Pristine and primordial states of stable equilibria are difficult to establish without long-term management strategies that require significant public buy-in and legislative support, as such it is more advisable establish a new state of static equilibrium in the ecosystem

Clear selection

14. What are cultural ecosystem services?

1 point

a. An ecosystem’s material benefits to human culture such as timber, pigments, and food crops.

b. An ecosystem’s nonmaterial benefits to human culture such as recreation, spirituality, and well-being.

c. An ecosystem’s nonmaterial benefits to humans that are wholly dependent on the human management of the ecosystem.

d. An ecosystem’s material benefits to humans that are not dependent on the human management of the ecosystem.

Clear selection

15. Approximately how much of a tree’s mass represents carbon sequestered from the atmosphere?

1 point

a. All

b. 1/3

c. 1/4

d. 1/2

Clear selection

16. Urban forests in the U.S. provide the equivalent of ______ dollars in ecosystem services annually.

1 point

a. 18.3 billion

b. 18.3 million

c. 183 trillion

d. 1.83 million

Clear selection

17. The benefits of an urban forests are arguably more important to society than those of a rural forest because ______________________.

1 point

a. Policy makers have more knowledge of urban forests than rural forests and design policy that more effectively manages urban instead of rural forests

b. Rural societies do not appreciate their forests or natural resources and decrease the benefits of rural forests through degradation

c. Urban forests sequester more carbon dioxide than rural forests, thereby increasing their value to society as a natural climate solution

d. Urban forests are located nearer to society, so the benefits are more effectively felt by society

Clear selection

Images for Question 18:

18. Which of the trees in the above, interconnected, hypothetical forest would be most detrimental to remove for the occupants of the house in terms of ecosystem services provided?

1 point

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

Clear selection

Images for Question 19:

19. Which of the above scenarios most accurately represents ecological succession and which most accurately represents stand regeneration?

1 point

a. A represents succession and B represents regeneration

b. They both represent succession

c. A represents regeneration and B represents succession

d. They both represent regeneration

Clear selection

20. What factors affect both tree cover and regeneration in cities?

1 point

a. Anthropogenic heat archipelago effects and native seed banks

b. Anthropogenic heat island effects and conventional microwaves

c. Anthropogenic land use and natural environmental conditions

d. Anthropogenic climate change and natural land types

Clear selection

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