2nd ECOLOGY TEST

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2nd ECOLOGY TEST

2019/20 dia 25 Maio

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The NPP of the oceanic surface is limited by

a) radiation

b) temperature

c) nutrients

d) wave movements

Clear selection

In the model of resources availability variation during succession

a) species do not compete for available resources

b) species compete only in the initial stages of succession

c) species compete for the available resources along the succession

d) species compete only in the later stages of succession

Clear selection

Guilds are:

a. Groups of species exploiting the ecosystem the same way

b. Groups of species exploiting the same ecosystem

c. Groups of species exploiting the same parts of the ecosystem

d. Groups of species with taxonomic affinity

Clear selection

The decomposition and circulation of organic matter and nutrients depends on

a) temperature, pH, wetness and C:N ratio

b) the soil characteristics

c) available water

d) only temperature, pH, wetness

Clear selection

Meta-stabillity indicates

a) species that never change with time

b) species that change casuistically

c) species that change but return to the initial state

d) species changing without external influence

Clear selection

Recurrence is a community property in which

a) The community has a certain composition of species

b) The community is stable and remains the same

c) The community is unstable, and succeds without direction

d) the community tends to return to the initial state after a disturbance

Clear selection

Which of the phrases are correct?

In cold climates, lexiviation can be small

In wet warm climates, lexiviation is large

In warm climates, in spite of slow decomposition, lexiviation can be high

In cold climates, in spite of a slow decomposition, the lexiviation can be high.

Clear selection

In the model of steady-state succession by natural regeneration

a) the ecosystem changes similarly and by regeneration

b) the ecosystem is composed of a mosaic of regeneration states in different stages

c) there is no succession

d) there is succession only if we cut the vegetation

Clear selection

Trophic positions refer to

a) one species or a group of species in a food web

b) different species being eaten

c) different species eating others

d) food regime types

Clear selection

The trophic chains of instable environments present a larger conectance and higher biotic interactions by tropho species but less stability through resilience

true

false

they are instable only in warm regions

they are instable only if perturbed

Clear selection

The following figure represents attraction basins for a forest ecosystem before and after a fire. The Forest State 2 after fire is

Instable

Stable

meta-stable

None of the options

Clear selection

In a forest fragmentation, the richness of the community can be maintained and only the proportion of species change when

a) the original species occupy the open space

b) the open space leads to increased populations of the species

c) edge species increase and interior species decrease

d) edge species decrease and interior species increase

Clear selection

The ecosystems are described by

a) Natural and man-made vegetation communities

b) the animal communities associated to the succession

c) the use of the vegetation with human development

d) the natural vegetation

Clear selection

The trophic efficiency varies in most situations between

a) 2 e 20%

b) 5 e 10%

c) 10 e 20%

d) 20 e 25%

Clear selection

Conectivity and density of trophic links are parameters indicating

a. the quantity of the trophic connections

b. The velocity of the trophic connections

c. The position of the trophic connections

d. The stability of the trophic connections

Clear selection

The following figure represents

an ecosystem fragment

an ecological corridor

a descontinuity in farmald

a safe passage for animals

Clear selection

The intermediate disturbance hypothesis states that

a) When there is no disturbance, richness is average

b) When there is average richness , there is disturbance of the species

c) When there is strong unfrequent disturbance, the richness increases

d) When there is intermediate intensity disturbances, richeness inceases

Clear selection

The net primary produtivity in terrestrial space is proportional to

a) the average anual temperature

b) the average anual precipitation

c) the light reaching the Earth

d) the vertical structure of the canopy

Clear selection

Whic mechanism controls the food chains where the species in the figure occurs?

a) Succession

b) Predation

c) Competition

d) Facilitation

Clear selection

The final stage of Clements' successions is

a) A climax vegetation

b) A forest vegetation

c)A grassland vegetation

d) there is no final stage because it is not deterministic

Clear selection

Nome completo e número de aluno

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