Shortage of essential medicines in Ethiopia

My name is Getachew Alemkere. I'm giving a speech on antimicrobial shortage at a PAR AMR webinar series. Before my speech, I'm making a quick survey on essential antimicrobial shortage in Ethiopia. Below are essential antimicrobials (antibacterials and antifungals) listed in the 6th edition of the Ethiopian Essential Medicine List (EML) of 2020. 

Please take the survey; it's short and confidential. For further infromation +251911587761 or getachewalemkere@gmail.com, If you want to attend the webinar, register here. 

NB: This form is not intended for students or professionals with no formal & current exposure to drugs.

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Email *
A) Background informaiton
1. Gender *
2. Age in years *
3. Profession *
4. Level of education *
5. Work place type *
6. Work place *
7. Work experience in years *

8. Do you think essential medicine lists (EMLs) are important for the medicine procurement planning of your instituion?

 *

9. Do you think EMLs are important for the routine patient care prescribing and stock mangement functioning of the healthcare facilities? 

 *

10. Do you have access to the 6th edition of the national EML or your facility updated EML based on it?

 *

11. Do you (your facility) use the national EML or the facility EML while planning the medicine procurement or dealing with prescribers’ medicine demand?

 *
B) Essnetial antimicrobail shortage
(Shortage is defined as a period when the demand for a drug within the country exceeds the supply of the drug. Stockouts should not be defined as shortages. For instance, if the drug is stocked out in your store/pharmacy  but available in the other pharamcies/facilities across the country it should not be considered as shortage)

12. Do you think there is a shortage of the following essential antimicrobials in Ethiopia for the last one year?

 *

(If you think the following drugs are not available in the market for the whole year or more, please respond NA (not applicable) here and write it under question #16 below) 

Yes
No
I do not know
NA
Amikacin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/clavulanic-acid
Ampicillin
Azithromycin
Benzathine-benzylpenicillin
Benzylpenicillin
Cefalexin
Cefazolin
Cefixime
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Ceftazidime/avibactam
Ceftriaxone
Cefuroxime
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Clarithromycin
Clindamycin
Cloxacillin
Colistin
Doxycycline
Gentamicin
Linezolid
Meropenem
Meropenem/vaborbactam
Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Polymyxin-B
Procaine-benzylpenicillin
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
Vancomycin
Norfloxacin
Neomycin
Ceftriaxone + sulbactam
Cefpodoxime
Cefepime
Amphotericin B
Liposomal Amphotericin B
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Voriconazole
Caspofungin
Terbinafine
Griseofulvin
Flucytosine
Nystatin
13. What do you think the reasons for shortage of these essential antimicrobials in Ethiopia? *
(You can choose more than one option)
Required
14. If you choose "other reasons" for the above quesiton (#13), please write here. 
15. What do you think are the solution for the drug shortage? Please write below.
C) EML antimicrobial nonavailable in the Ethiopian market

16. Please write the antimicrobials (from the lists) that were not available in the Ethiopian market within your one-year experience?

Antibacterials (Amikacin; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin/clavulanic-acid; Ampicillin; Azithromycin; Benzathine-benzylpenicillin; Benzylpenicillin; Cefalexin; Cefazolin; Cefixime; Cefotaxime; Ceftazidime; Ceftazidime/avibactam; Ceftriaxone; Cefuroxime; Chloramphenicol; Ciprofloxacin; Clarithromycin; Clindamycin; Cloxacillin; Colistin; Doxycycline; Gentamicin; Linezolid; Meropenem; Meropenem/vaborbactam; Metronidazole; Nitrofurantoin; Piperacillin/tazobactam; Polymyxin-B; Procaine-benzylpenicillin; Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim; Vancomycin; Norfloxacin; Neomycin; Ceftriaxone + sulbactam; Cefpodoxime; Cefepime). Antifungals (Amphotericin B; Liposomal Amphotericin B; Fluconazole; Itraconazole; Voriconazole; Caspofungin; Terbinafine; Griseofulvin; Flucytosine; Nystatin)

17. What do you think are the reasons for the absence of the essential antimicorabil in Ethiopia? *
(You can choose more than one option)
Required

18. If you choose "other reasons" for thee above question (#17), please write below?

19. What do you think is the soluion for the absence of the drug in the market? Please write below.
20. Any additional comment you want to make on essential antimicrobial shortage?
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