Electric Vehicle Definintions:

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) - A PHEV is a Hybrid vehicle (HEV) with a larger battery that plugs in to charge, but it keeps a gasoline or diesel engine as a backup. After the battery energy is exhausted, the engine starts and the vehicle acts like a normal HEV until it is charged again from the grid.

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) - BEVs fully remove the gasoline or diesel powertrain and replace it with an electric powertrain consisting of an electric motor, power electronics, and a battery pack that is plugged in to charge. BEVs have a longer all-electric range than PHEVs, but do not have a fuel backup when the battery is depleted.

Note: For the purpose of this survey, references to Electric Vehicles or EVs include PHEVs and BEVs.